MPC Based Ramp-Rate Control Strategy with Battery Energy Storage Systems for Wind Farms

This paper tackles the problem of short-term wind fluctuation with the imposition of strict ramp rate limits. A control strategy is proposed to reduce the output ramp-rate of a wind farm to a required level using model predictive control (MPC). The system consists of a wind farm coupled with a battery energy storage system (BESS) with the sole function of ramp-rate control (RRC) that optimizes the wind power output as well as the BESS output energy while observing the physical constraints. A variation of up to 10% of the maximum plant capacity per minute is observed in the implementation of RRC as required the grid code for the acceptable penetration of wind farms into the power system.