[泌尿系统血管病理意义:多普勒和彩色多普勒]。

M Sperandeo, A Varriale, G Sperandeo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

联合使用b超和多普勒(p.w.和/或彩色多普勒)比单独使用b超提供了更准确和详细的血管病理研究。事实上,除了记录血流的存在和评估其方向外,多普勒超声还提供了对血流的定量评估。血流的彩色编码(通常是流向探头的红色,远离探头的蓝色,湍流的黄色或绿色)允许评估血流的存在,即使是在血管不能被b型超声描绘的区域。事实上,在肾脏血流的研究中彩色多普勒不仅可以显示主要的肾动脉还可以显示肝实质内的节段动脉;这对同种异体移植排斥反应的检测是非常有用的。在肾动脉,血流呈现低阻力模式:短暂的收缩期后是较长的舒张期,血流无反转。相反,肾静脉的血流是连续的。彩色多普勒可检测到的肾脏和尿路疾病主要有:肾血管高血压、同种异体移植排斥反应、肾静脉血栓形成、脾肾侧支通道门脉高压、输尿管运动障碍、占位性病变、内科肾病和梗阻性尿路病变。彩色多普勒对肾脏血流模式的复杂分析,通过一些多普勒超声参数(阻力指数RI,脉搏指数PI),在这些疾病中增加了传统超声成像的功能元素,更好地表征了疾病。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Vascular pathology of urologic significance: Doppler and color Doppler].

The combined use of B-mode ultrasonography and doppler (p.w. and/or color doppler) provides a more accurate and detailed study of vascular pathology than B-mode ultrasonography alone. In fact, besides to document the presence of blood flow and to assess its direction, doppler US provides a quantitative evaluation of blood flow. Chromatic codification of blood flow (usually red if flowing towards the probe, blue if flowing away from the probe and yellow or green in the case of turbulence) permits to assess the presence of blood flow even in areas where a vessel cannot be depicted by B-mode ultrasonography. In fact in the study of blood flow to the kidney it's possible with color-doppler to visualize not only the main renal arteries but segmental-intraparenchymal arteries too; that is very useful in the detection of rejection of allograft. In renal artery, blood flow presents a pattern of low resistance: a brief systolic phase followed by a longer diastolic one, without inversion of flow. In renal vein, blood flow is, on the contrary, continuous. The main disorders of the kidney and urinary tract, which can be detected by color doppler are the following: renal-vascular hypertension, rejection of allograft, renal vein thrombosis, portal hypertension with spleno-renal collateral channels, disorders of ureteral motility, space occupying lesions, medical nephropathies and obstructive uropathies. Sophisticated analysis of the flow pattern to the kidney with color doppler, by some doppler sonographic parameters (resistance index RI, pulsatility index PI), in these disorders adds a functional element to the traditional ultrasonographic imaging with a better characterization of the disease.

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