英国脱欧后外交政策形成的主要趋势

V. Orlyk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文论述了由于英国脱欧公投和英国退出欧盟的结果,英国外交政策形成新趋势的特殊性。制定英国外交政策路线的战略重点,正成为政界、外交界和专家们面临的重要任务之一。由于英国脱欧而拒绝制定欧盟共同的外交政策,这给英国带来了根本性的挑战:既要保持与欧洲大陆国家的现有影响力和盟友关系(主要是由于加强双边关系和保留欧洲-大西洋联盟),同时又要确立自己作为一个独立的影响力中心的地位,而不限于欧盟的集体意志。本文分析了2016年作为英国脱欧外交政策维度的理论基础提出的“全球英国”概念的主要条款。其中最重要的是以下几点:在全球范围内促进英国的经济和安全利益,以此作为外交和安全政策的基础;与美国结盟是主要的外交政策和安全优先事项;以维护国际秩序和共同价值观的名义,重新思考与欧盟的伙伴关系,赋予其新的深度;发展英联邦内部的合作,以加强英国的国际存在和全球影响力。作者确定了伦敦的关键外交政策立场,这些立场目前没有反映在概念中,但在短期和中期对欧洲和全球安全至关重要。分析了地区和世界主要参与者的立场,评估了与俄罗斯和中国关系恶化的风险。综上所述,由于新的全球威胁和风险(首先是COVID-19大流行及其全球影响和经济后果),“全球英国”概念仍处于形成阶段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The main trends in the formation of the Great Britain’s foreign policy after Brexit
The article deals with the peculiarities of forming the new trends in the British foreign policy, due to the results of the referendum on Brexit and the country’s withdrawal from the European Union. Formation of the strategic priorities for the UK foreign policy course is becoming one of the most important tasks for the political, diplomatic and expert circles. The refusal to develop a common foreign policy of the EU as a result of Brexit, sets the essential challenge for Britain: to maintain existing influence and allied relations with continental European states (primarily, due to the strengthening of bilateral relations and the preservation of the Euro-Atlantic alliance), and at the same time to establish itself as an independent center of influence, not limited to the collective will of the EU. The main provisions of the “Global Britain” concept, presented in 2016 as the doctrinal basis of the foreign policy dimension of Brexit, are analyzed. The most significant of them are the next: the promotion of the UK`s economic and security interests around the world as the basis of foreign and security policy; alliance with the United States as a major foreign policy and security priority; rethinking the partnership with the EU and giving it a new depth in the name of protecting the international order and common values; the development of cooperation within the Commonwealth to strengthen Britain’s international presence and global influence. The author identifies the key foreign policy positions of London, which are not reflected in the concept presently, but will be of key importance for the European and global securities in the short and medium terms. The positions of leading regional and world players are analyzed, the risks of aggravation of relations with Russia and China are assessed. It is summarized that because of the new global threats and risks (first of all COVID-19 pandemic and its global impact and economic consequences) the “Global Britain” concept is still in its forming.
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