利用Radon和偏移算子鲁棒反演分离同步震源

Amr Ibrahim
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引用次数: 11

摘要

高密度三维宽方位角测量配置的出现大大增加了地震采集的成本。同时获取资源提供了通过减少调查时间来降低成本的机会。震源时间延迟通常足够长,足以使地震反射能量在发射另一个震源之前衰减到可以忽略不计的水平。同时震源采集放弃了这种最小时间限制,并允许震源之间的干扰来压缩测量时间。地震数据处理方法必须解决同时重叠震源带来的干扰问题。同时源数据的特点是可能比主信号强的高振幅干扰伪影。这些大振幅是由于震源之间的时间延迟和地震能量随到达时间的快速衰减造成的。因此,在使用Radon变换的去噪算法中,源干扰将显示为异常值。这将降低氡变换去噪的精度,特别是对微弱信号。将Radon变换描述为具有L1失配的逆问题使其对由源干扰引起的异常值具有鲁棒性。这提供了在保留弱底层信号的同时衰减强源干扰的能力。为了改善相干信号的聚焦,采用顶点移位双曲拉东变换(ASHRT)去除源干扰。定制了ASHRT变换基函数,以匹配普通接收机集反射的走时双曲线。然而,由于扫描顶点位置会导致模型尺寸的扩展,因此ASHRT变换的计算成本很高。通过使用利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的Stolt迁移/反迁移内核重新表述ASHRT算子,大大提高了算子的计算效率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Separating Simultaneous Seismic Sources using Robust Inversion of Radon and Migration Operators
The advent of high density 3D wide azimuth survey configurations has greatly increased the cost of seismic acquisition. Simultaneous source acquisition presents an opportunity to decrease costs by reducing the survey time. Source time delays are typically long enough for seismic reflection energy to decay to negligible levels before firing another source. Simultaneous source acquisition abandons this minimum time restriction and allows interference between seismic sources to compress the survey time. Seismic data processing methods must address the interference introduced by simultaneous overlapping sources. Simultaneous source data are characterized by high amplitude interference artefacts that may be stronger than the primary signal. These large amplitudes are due to the time delay between sources and the rapid decay of seismic energy with arrival time. Therefore, source interference will appear as outliers in denoising algorithms that make use of a Radon transform. This will reduce the accuracy of Radon transform de-noising especially for weak signals. Formulating the Radon transform as an inverse problem with an L1 misfit makes it robust to outliers caused by source interference. This provides the ability to attenuate strong source interference while preserving weak underlying signal. In order to improve coherent signal focusing, an apex shifted hyperbolic Radon transform (ASHRT) is used to remove source interferences. ASHRT transform basis functions are tailored to match the travel time hyperbolas of reflections in common receiver gathers. However, the ASHRT transform has a high computational cost due to the extension of the model dimensions by scanning for apex locations. By reformulating the ASHRT operator using a Stolt migration/demigration kernel that exploits the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the computational efficiency of the operator is drastically improved.
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