Application possibilities of VDCC in general floating element simulator circuit

In this study, a low-voltage design of a new general floating element simulator circuit for realizing floating frequency dependent negative resistor (FDNR), floating inductor (FI), floating capacitor (FC), and floating resistor (FR) simulator, depending on the selection of passive circuit elements, is described. The circuit employs two voltage differencing current conveyors (VDCCs) at low voltage levels (±0.45 V) and three passive components. It does not require any passive element matching. Moreover, the new general floating element simulator can be electronically controllable by changing the bias currents of the VDCCs or can be controlled through the grounded resistor or capacitors. Finally, using one of the described floating element simulator, i.e. FDNR, a fourth-order Butterworth characteristic band-pass filter is simulated via PSPICE using 90 nm, level 7 PTM CMOS technology parameters. The simulations agree with the theoretical analysis.