东亚和东南亚的民主化与国家能力

I. Marsh
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引用次数: 13

摘要

本文调查了七个东亚和东南亚国家的民主发展及其对国家能力的影响。这些国家包括:韩国、台湾、泰国、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、马来西亚和新加坡。在前五个国家中,民主结构是在最近二十年才引入的。在最后两个方面,他们仍然受到极大的限制。本文考虑了这种发展对国家能力的影响。状态容量是一个复杂变量。它可以细分为三个主要组成部分:政治、政策和组织能力。在每一个组成部分中,审查了受民主化影响或可能从民主化获得新的意义的具体因素。政治能力涉及政治文化、政党、行政机构的形成以及行政立法关系。政策能力需要吸收新的政策战略。行政能力涉及官僚政治化和利益聚集。这篇文章的结论是,这七个国家的政府能力主要依赖于旧的基础。民主引入了新的形式和新的动态因素。然而,其整合工作仍在进行中。目前,民主形式主要是一种粉饰,在这种粉饰之下,旧的权力和权威模式继续蓬勃发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Democratization and State Capacity in East and Southeast Asia
This essay surveys the development of democracy in seven East and Southeast Asian states and its impacts on state capacity. The states covered are: South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore. In the first five of these states, democratic structures have been introduced only over the last two decades. In the last two, they remain profoundly constrained. The essay considers the impacts of this development on state capacity. State capacity is a complex variable. It can be subdivided into three primary components: political, policy, and organizational capacities. Within each of these components, specific elements that have been affected by, or that potentially gain new significance from, democratization are examined. Political capacity involves political culture, political parties, the formation of executives, and executive-legislative relations. Policy capacity entails the assimilation of new policy strategies. Administrative capacity involves bureaucratic politicization and interest aggregation. The essay concludes that state capacity in all seven countries draws mostly on old foundations. Democracy has introduced new forms and new dynamic elements. However, its consolidation is a work in progress. For the moment, democratic forms constitute primarily a varnish, beneath which older patterns of power and authority continue to flourish.
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