MISSISSIPPI KITE

The recovery of the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) depends on successful reproduction, limited interspecific competition, and reduced nest predation. From 1997–1999, we examined Redcockaded Woodpecker reproduction, nest loss, and cavity kleptoparasitism in a loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pine ecosystem in Mississippi. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers had high annual nesting rates (67–73%). Mean clutch size was 3.1 eggs with an 88% hatching rate. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers had a 71% fledging rate and fledged approximately 2.0 young/nest. We observed partial brood loss of approximately one nestling/nest. Southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) and Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) frequently usurped Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities. We recorded five occurrences of flying squirrels consuming Red-cockaded Woodpecker eggs and three occasions of gray rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides) consuming nestlings. Although Red-cockaded Woodpecker reproductive success was relatively high, cavity usurpation can present a threat to future reproductive success within local populations.