Designing Optimal PIλDμ Controller for LFC of Two-Area Power Systems Using African Vulture's Optimization Algorithm

This paper proposes an optimal load frequency control (LFC) design using a proportional-fractional-order (FO) derivative with a filter (PD^μN) controller in the feedforward direction and a FO integral-tilt (I^λT) controller in the feedback direction in interconnected power grids. Moreover, the proposed PD^μN–I^λT controller is optimally designed by using the African Vulture's Optimization Algorithm (AVOA). To confirm the superiority of the proposed controller, performance comparisons of the proposed PD^μN – I^λT, PIDN, FOPID (PI^λD^μ), and FOTID (TI^λD^μ) controllers based on improved LFC are conducted to confirm the superiority of the proposed PD^μN – I^λT controller. Also, the AVOA's progress has been verified through a comparison with the symbiotic organisms search algorithm. Overall, discussions are presented on the enhanced performance of the LFC of the two-area power grid under study with the proposed PD^μN – I^λT controller. Simulation outcomes approve that the proposed PD^N – I^λT controller is capable of achieving better dynamic responses than other conventional controllers. The results also confirm the effectiveness of the AVOA for optimizing the controller coefficients based on a time-domain-based objective function.