A novel audio watermarking technique based on low frequency components

In this paper, we present a novel audio watermarking technique that utilizes the low frequency components (LFCs) of an audio signal to identify the location of the embedded watermarks. The embedding takes place by modifying the amplitude of selected samples determined by the LFCs of the audio signal. The amount of modification to the amplitude is determined by the amount of distortion detected by the human ear. This technique is blind where the decoder does not need the original audio file to extract the watermarks. In this technique, we use a novel data recovery scheme to recover any watermarks that were lost because of an intentional or unintentional attempt of watermark removal (attack). Experimental results show that this technique is highly robust against single and double attacks with watermark recovery rates greater than 90%.