C2 Trauma

Traumatic fractures of the axis account for 17 to 25% of cervical fractures. A comprehensive review of contemporary literature was undertaken with emphasis on traumatic C2 fracture categorization, causative biomechanical mechanisms, and current treat-ment options. Initial clinical and radiographic algorithms are discussed with reference to recently available guidelines. Anomalous anatomy is discussed as well as the special considerations given to both pediatric and elderly patients with C2 injuries.