多跳信令系统的端到端与逐跳软状态刷新

Xiaoming Fu, Jianhua He
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引用次数: 2

摘要

为了保证信令操作的状态同步,许多信令协议设计选择建立“软”状态,如果不刷新就会过期。在多跳信令系统中,状态刷新方法可分为端到端(E2E)和逐跳(HbH)两种。尽管这两种状态刷新方法在实际的信令协议中都得到了广泛的应用,但在状态同步和信令成本之间的设计权衡还没有得到充分的研究。本文从状态刷新和状态移除的角度对这一问题进行了研究。我们为这两种方法提出了简单而有效的马尔可夫链模型,并获得了描述状态一致性和刷新消息率方面的状态刷新性能以及状态删除延迟方面的状态删除性能的封闭形式解。仿真验证了分析模型的正确性。可以观察到,HbH方法比E2E方法以更高的信令成本为代价产生更好的状态同步。虽然可以通过增加状态刷新和超时计时器的值来提高状态刷新性能,但是对于E2E和HbH方法,状态删除延迟都会大大增加。这里的分析阐明了信令协议的设计和定时器的配置,以适应不断变化的网络条件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
End-to-end versus hop-by-hop soft state refresh for multi-hop signaling systems
To ensure state synchronization of signalling operations, many signaling protocol designs choose to establish “soft” state that expires if it is not refreshed. The approaches of refreshing state in multi-hop signaling system can be classified as either end-to-end (E2E) or hop-by-hop (HbH). Although both state refresh approaches have been widely used in practical signaling protocols, the design tradeoffs between state synchronization and signaling cost have not yet been fully investigated. In this paper, we investigate this issue from the perspectives of state refresh and state removal. We propose simple but effective Markov chain models for both approaches and obtain closed-form solutions which depict the state refresh performance in terms of state consistency and refresh message rate, as well as the state removal performance in terms of state removal delay. Simulations verify the analytical models. It is observed that the HbH approach yields much better state synchronization at the cost of higher signaling cost than the E2E approach. While the state refresh performance can be improved by increasing the values of state refresh and timeout timers, the state removal delay increases largely for both E2E and HbH approaches. The analysis here shed lights on the design of signaling protocols and the configuration of the timers to adapt to changing network conditions.
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