普通中等教育机构中科幻体裁教学的方法论方面(以库尔特·冯内古特的小说《猫的摇篮》为例)

M. Panhelova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文主要探讨文化方面在文学教育中的作用。在学校文学教育的最后阶段,有必要建立一个全面的系统来研究20世纪的科幻小说类型(以库尔特·冯内古特的《猫的摇篮》为例)。现代文学教育和教养观念的中心是学生的个性,他渴望了解世界的全图,掌握文化作为前几代人的经验,参与精神遗产。学生读者在某种程度上学习了前人的经验,在某种程度上他将能够驾驭不断变化的生活条件,认识到自己对后代的责任。高中生的文化文盲,与他们的人民和人类的精神文化的联系的丧失,总的来说,说明了在现代学校教育一个“文化人”的必要性。在这方面,词典编纂者和他们所开设的文学课程在形成对自己和其他民族文化的各种事实的情感感知和理解方面发挥了重要作用,这些课程旨在在广泛的文化背景下研究文学作品。参与历史文学过程将帮助学生看到外国文化和文学发展的模式。一个重要的问题是教育的文化化,其目的是在文化和教育领域实现全球化,同时人们对各国人民的文化认同问题的兴趣日益增加。教育全球化是一个单一的世界文化和教育空间,一个单一的世界劳动力市场和教育服务。教育的文化层面决定了价值观的构成和层次,而价值观的制度创造要素是以学生人格为主体的价值观。毫无疑问,在学校文学教学中实施文化方面的教学有助于学生有效地进入文化语境,在学生中形成一套关于世界和人的关键价值观念体系,成为世界观的指南。文化方面使我们有可能克服在认识和分析外国文学(作品在文化方面的研究回归与新的方面和开辟新的意义)和外国文化作为一个整体所积累的刻板印象。毫无疑问,文化方面允许人们在三个层面上考虑艺术作品:世界的广义模型,民族和文化的特殊性,作者自己的世界和人的模型,其中他的哲学,宗教,道德和审美观点。在个人价值意义领域的发展过程中,文化层面在教育中的实施是可能的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING THE GENRE OF SCIENCE FICTION IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KURT VONNEGUT’S NOVEL «CAT’S CRADLE»)
This article is devoted to the role of the cultural aspect in literary education. The necessity to create a comprehensive system of studying the science fiction genre of the 20th century (on the example of Kurt Vonnegut’s «Cat’s Cradle») at the final stage of school literary education has been identified and substantiated. At the center of the concept of modern literary education and upbringing are the personality of the student, his desire to understand the whole picture of the world, mastering culture as the experience of previous generations, involvement in spiritual heritage. To the extent that the student-reader learns the experience passed on by previous generations, to the extent that he will be able to navigate the constantly changing conditions of life, realize his own responsibility to the future generation. The cultural illiteracy of high school students, the loss of connection with the spiritual culture of their people and humanity in general speak of the need to educate a «person of culture» in a modern school. In this regard, an important role in the formation of emotional perception and understanding of various facts of the culture of both their own and other nations is played by lexicographers and the literature classes conducted by them, aimed at studying literary works against the background of a broad cultural context. Involvement in the historical-literary process will help students to see patterns in the development of foreign culture and literature in particular. An important point is the culturalization of education, which is aimed at globalization in the field of culture and education, associated with increasing interest in the problems of the cultural identity of peoples. Globalization in education is a single world cultural and educational space, a single world labor market and educational services. The cultural aspect of education determines the composition and hierarchy of values, the system- creating element of which is the student’s personality as the main value. There is no doubt that the implementation of the cultural aspect of teaching literature at school contributes to the effective entry of students into the context of culture, forms in them a system of key value ideas about the world and man, which become worldview guidelines. The cultural aspect makes it possible to overcome the stereotypes accumulated in the perception and analysis of both foreign literature (works in the light of the cultural aspect of the study return with new facets and open new meanings) and foreign culture as a whole. Undoubtedly, the cultural aspect allows one to consider the work of art in three planes: a generalized model of the world, national and cultural specificity, the author’s own model of the world and man, where his philosophical, religious, moral and aesthetic views are presented. Implementation of the cultural aspect in education is possible in the process of development of the value-meaning sphere of the individual.
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