结核病新候选疫苗的发展和研究现状(文献综述)

N. Matsegora, A. Kaprosh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对结核病疫苗、疫苗预防结核病的文献147篇,其中33篇进行了详细的研究。根据世卫组织的报告,14种结核病候选疫苗正在进行临床试验,包括AEC/BC02、Ad5 Ag85A和ChAdOx185A-MVA85A 1期疫苗、mbvac、ID93+GLA-SE、TB / FLU-04L和GamB期疫苗。2a,扩增剂DAR-901, H56:IC31, M72/AS01, BCG再接种和RUTI疫苗在2b期,VPM1002和MIP/Immuvac在3期。候选结核疫苗的类型和用途各不相同。按疫苗类型分为:亚基、载体、基因修饰重组活疫苗、含结核分枝杆菌减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗。亚单位结核疫苗——含有从结核分枝杆菌中分离出来的纯化免疫活性蛋白成分,并添加佐剂以增强其免疫原性。重组活疫苗——使用活的载体传递引起免疫反应的异源抗原。减毒活疫苗——含有一种活病原体的变体,在接种时已被削弱以预防严重疾病。灭活结核病疫苗旨在预防和治疗结核病,目前仍在研究中。这些疫苗是用灭活的整个细菌或它们的裂解片段,物理或化学制备的。根据目的,在不同的目标群体中研究候选疫苗,作为暴露前和暴露后预防,在抗复发预防和治疗性疫苗接种的背景下,以及防止艾滋病毒感染者和接触者的LTBI激活。最近临床试验的结果对于解决关键的知识空白非常重要,并将清楚地表明新的结核病疫苗接种战略对流行国家的价值,并将影响下一代临床试验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Current state of developments and research of new candidate vaccines against tuberculosis (literature review)
147 literature sources on Tuberculosis vaccine, Vaccine prevention of tuberculosis were considered, 33 of them were studied in detail.According to the WHO report, 14 candidates for the TB vaccine are in clinical trials, including the AEC/BC02, Ad5 Ag85A and ChAdOx185A-MVA85A phase 1 vaccines, MTBVAC, ID93+GLA-SE, TB / FLU-04L and the GamB phase vaccine. 2a, amplifiers DAR-901, H56:IC31, M72/AS01, BCG revaccination and RUTI vaccine in phase 2b, VPM1002 and MIP/Immuvac in phase 3. Candidate TB vaccines vary in type and purpose.By type of vaccine are: subunit, vector, genetically modified live recombinant vaccines, live attenuated vaccines containing M. tuberculosis, inactivated vaccines.Subunit TB vaccines — contain purified immunoactive protein components isolated from M. tuberculosis with the addition of an adjuvant to enhance their immunogenic properties.Recombinant live vaccines — use a live vector to deliver heterologous antigens that elicit an immune response.Weakened live vaccines — contain a variant of a live pathogen that has been weakened to prevent serious disease when administered.Inactivated tuberculosis vaccines are designed to prevent and treat TB and are still being studied. These are vaccines with inactivated whole bacteria or their cleavage fragments, prepared physically or chemically.According to the purpose, vaccine candidates are studied in different target groups as pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, in the context of anti-relapse prophylaxis and therapeutic vaccination, as well as to prevent the activation of LTBI in HIV-infected and contact persons.The results of recent clinical trials are important in addressing critical knowledge gaps and will clearly demonstrate the value of new TB vaccination strategies for endemic countries, and will shape the next generation of clinical trials.
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