ATRIA: Autonomous Traffic-Aware Scheduling for Industrial Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks

Recent years have witnessed rapid adoption of low-power Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks (WSANs) in process industries. To meet the critical demand for reliable and real-time communication in harsh industrial environments, the industrial WSAN standards, such as WirelessHART, ISA100, WIA-FA, and 6TiSCH, make a set of specific design choices, such as employing the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) technique. Such design choices distinguish industrial WSANs from traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which were designed for best-effort services. Recently, there has been increasing interest in developing new methods to enable autonomous transmission scheduling for industrial WSANs that run TSCH and the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). Our study shows that the current approaches fail to consider the traffic loads of different devices when assigning time slots and channels, which significantly compromises network performance when facing high data rates. In this paper, we introduce ATRIA, a novel Autonomous Traffic-Aware transmission scheduling method for industrial WSANs. The device that runs ATRIA can detect its traffic load based on its local routing information and then schedule its transmissions accordingly without the need to exchange information with neighboring devices. Experimental results show that ATRIA provides significantly higher end-to-end network reliability and lower end-to-end latency without introducing additional overhead compared with a state-of-the-art baseline.