Challenges in Application of the Traveling Wave-Based Fault Location Methods Applied to HVDC Systems: Evaluation of Classical One- and Two-Terminal Methods

An evaluation of classical one- and two-terminal fault location methods based on traveling waves theory is presented in this paper. This evaluation is carried out considering the Madeira River HVDC system modeled in ATP/ATPDraw software, which is composed by a transmission line modeled considering the frequency dependence of the line parameters. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the methods, different fault scenarios are evaluated, being generated by varying the fault type, resistance and distance, totaling 1764 different cases. From the obtained results, the influence of distance and resistance of fault on the methods efficiency is evaluated. Moreover, the main sources of localization errors for each method are presented, highlighting the practical aspects and the main challenges in applying the methods in real systems.