Unicentric hyaline vascular type of castleman disease of the renal hilum with diagnostic dilemma: A case report and review of literature

Castleman disease (CD) represents a morphologically distinct variety of benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Renal hilum involvement is rare and may be confused with renal malignancy or granulomatous diseases. Here, we report a rare case of unicentric CD of renal hilum. A 56-year-old male patient presented with flank pain and voiding symptoms. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed a left renal hilar tumor mimicking a renal malignancy which led to nephrectomy. Our case is the first report of the unicentric hyaline vascular type of CD of the renal hilum reported from India. Awareness of such cases is important for radiologists and surgeons to prevent the misdiagnosis of a renal malignant tumor and to avoid nephrectomy.