国内公共卫生系统人员培训:挑战与前景

I.V. Hushchuk, V.A. Smiianov, I.M. Kyrychuk
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摘要

这项工作的目的是在评估国内外最佳实践经验的基础上,在跨部门和跨部门的方向上,为进一步发展国家公共卫生系统人力资源开发计划草案-“所有政府政策中的医疗保健”提出基本建议。材料和方法:研究材料是国际和国内专业组织的文件,以及关于预防性公共卫生基本原则培训人员的国际经验的出版物。我们使用了来自基本卫生系统评估初步研究的数据,并分析了有关当前公共卫生问题的科学数据。为了解决工作中设定的任务,采用了一套方法:历史方法、分析方法、比较方法、系统方法。结果:包括2019冠状病毒病大流行在内的近年来公共卫生领域出现的新威胁和突发事件表明,全球卫生系统未能有效应对此类挑战。为了发展新的有效的卫生保健系统,有必要改变人员培训的模式和政策,利用国际和国内预防医学学校的先进和有效的做法,包括以组织乌克兰国家卫生和流行病学服务的经验为例,控制人类生命的安全环境和对抗生物威胁。结论:最好确定在公共卫生领域人员培训方面在国际上没有相应类似情况的国内发展,并开始扩大与相关欧洲协会的合作,例如欧洲区域公共卫生学校协会(ASPHER)、公共卫生认证机构(APHEA);欧洲公共卫生协会(EUPHA);EuroHealthNet;欧洲公共卫生联盟;欧洲健康管理协会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Training of personnel for the domestic public health system: challenges and prospects
The purpose of this work is to analyze the current state and develop basic proposals for the further development of the draft National Plan for the Development of Human Resources for the Public Health System in the intersectoral and intersectoral direction – «Health care in all government policies» based on an assessment of the best practices of foreign and domestic experience. Materials and methods: The research material was the documents of international and domestic professional organizations, publications on international experience in training personnel on the fundamental principles of preventive public health. We used data from our preliminary research on the assessment of basic health systems and analyzed scientific data on current public health issues. To solve the tasks set in the work, a set of methods was used: historical, analytical, comparative, systematic approach. Results: Emerging threats and emergencies in the field of public health in recent years included the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the failure of global health systems to effectively deal with such challenges. For the development of new effective health care systems, it is necessary to change the paradigm and policies in personnel training using advanced and effective practices of international and domestic schools of preventive medicine, incl. on the example of organizing the experience of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine to control the safe environment of human life and counteract biological threats. Conclusions: It is advisable to identify those domestic developments in the training of personnel for the field of public health that have no corresponding analogues at the international level and initiate expansion of cooperation with relevant European associations, for example, the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER), the Public Health Accreditation Agency (APHEA); the European Public Health Association (EUPHA); EuroHealthNet; European Public Health Alliance (EPHA); European Health Management Association (EHMA).
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