EV Penetration Impact Analysis on Transmission System using Co-Simulation

The recent advancement of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) has escalated their integrations behind the meter and into the power system. The impacts of DERs on the transmission system while coupled with the distribution system are required to be investigated to assess their roles thoroughly. Electric Vehicles (EV) being one of the widely adopted DERs at the customer end has been making the task of maintaining the regular peak demand in a distribution feeder more challenging and affecting the transmission system as well. This paper utilizes the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) co-simulation approach to analyze the EV integration impacts on the transmission system. An iterative co-simulation approach is deployed and the EPRI distribution feeder ckt-24 is integrated with the IEEE 9-bus transmission system to study the EV integration impacts on the transmission system. The analysis is carried out for uncoordinated EV charging activities and different levels of EV penetration in the distribution feeder. Later on, distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) resources are also integrated to investigate their combined impacts. The results show that the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) stays within the limit despite having maximum EV and PV penetration.