中等收入国家汽车产业发展政策的政治经济学:埃及、印度、南非和土耳其的比较分析

A. Black, Pallavi Roy, A. El-Haddad, K. Yilmaz
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引用次数: 6

摘要

本文通过汽车工业的四个国家案例研究(埃及、印度、南非和土耳其)来考察发展政策的政治经济学。我们的目标不仅仅是研究汽车政策对发展的影响,而是要说明政策制度是如何成为一个有争议的过程的结果。在上述四个案例国家,汽车行业的早期增长得益于受保护市场的租金。竞争性公司的出现严重依赖于国有企业关系的性质和该部门寻租过程的净结果。这取决于国内外企业对政府的议价能力。如果企业获得补贴,以换取对软弱和脆弱的执政联盟的支持,那么该国的汽车行业可能会成为一个幼稚行业停滞不前的经典案例。在权力分配这样的地方,执政联盟能够约束汽车行业的公司,使它们具有全球竞争力,发展结果是积极的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Political Economy of Automotive Industry Development Policy in Middle Income Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Egypt, India, South Africa and Turkey
This paper examines the political economy of development policy through the prism of four country case studies (Egypt, India, South Africa and Turkey) of the automotive industry. The objective is not simply to examine the developmental impact of automotive policy, but to illustrate how the policy regime has been the outcome of a contested process. Early growth in the auto sector in the four case countries was enabled by rents from protected markets. The emergence of competitive firms is critically dependent on the nature of state–business relationships and the net outcome of the rent-seeking process in the sector. This hinges on the bargaining power of business, foreign or domestic, vis à vis the government. If firms capture subsidies in return for support to weak and vulnerable ruling coalitions, the auto sector in that country can become the classic case of an infant industry remaining stunted. Where the distribution of power is such that ruling coalitions are able to discipline firms in the auto sector, so that they become globally competitive, developmental outcomes have been positive.
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