用于高分辨率3D前视成像的MIMO声纳阵列

Xionghou Liu, Chi Zhang, Hongyu Chen, Chao Sun, Yixin Yang, Kuan Fan, Jiapeng Liu
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引用次数: 1

摘要

利用平面或体积型水听器阵列的三维成像声呐能够提供水下目标的体积信息,是水声成像的重要手段。然而,由于采用了大量的水听器,系统成本处于较高水平。为了降低系统成本,通常采用稀疏阵列优化来去除多个水听器,同时保持理想的波束方向图性能。然而,稀疏优化水听器阵列的角度分辨率不足以满足小目标探测等较远距离成像应用。与稀疏阵列优化方法不同,使用由多个水平平行均匀线性阵列(ULAs)组成的前视声纳可以获得良好的三维成像能力。三维前视声呐以斜视成像处理为基础,将传统水平波束形成和高分辨率垂直波束形成相结合。然而,水平角度分辨率受到声纳平台有限的物理尺寸的限制(例如,水下载人车辆或水下机器人)。此外,水平方向上受限的角度分辨率会降低垂直波束形成的成像性能。为了解决这一问题,我们设计了一种用于三维前视成像的MIMO声呐阵列布局。所设计的MIMO声呐阵列由两个稀疏分布的发射换能器和多个并行ula组成。通过这样做,水平角度分辨率是传统声纳阵列(由一个发射机和多个并联ula组成)的两倍,并且垂直成像能力大大提高。最后以MIMO声呐阵列为例,对阵列的成像性能进行了分析,验证了所设计阵列布局的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An MIMO Sonar Array for High-resolution 3D Forward-looking Imaging
The three-dimensional imaging sonar using a planar or volumetric hydrophone array is useful for underwater acoustic imaging, since it can provide the volumetric information of an underwater target. However, the system cost is at a high level due to the large number of hydrophones adopted. To reduce the system cost, the sparse array optimization is often used to remove a number of hydrophones and simultaneously, to keep a desired beampattern performance. Nevertheless, the angle resolution of a sparse optimized hydrophone array is not enough for relatively long range imaging application, such as the small target detection. Different from the sparse array optimization method, using a forward-looking sonar composed of several horizontally paralleled uniform linear arrays (ULAs) can achieve a good 3-D imaging ability. The 3-D forward-looking sonar is based on the slant looking imaging processing, and it combines the conventional horizontal beamforming and the high-resolution vertical beamforming together. Nevertheless, the horizontal angle resolution is restricted by the limited physical size of the sonar platform (e.g., an underwater manned vehicle or an underwater robot). What is worse, the restricted angle resolution in the horizontal direction will degrade the imaging performance of the vertical beamforming. To solve the problem, we design a MIMO sonar array layout for the 3-D forward-looking imaging. The designed MIMO sonar array is composed of two sparsely located transmitting transducers and several parallel ULAs. By doing so, the horizontal angle resolution doubles that of a traditional sonar array (which is composed of one transmitter and several paralleled ULAs), and the vertical imaging ability is substantially improved. We give an example of the MIMO sonar array, and give the imaging performance analysis to validate the effectiveness of the designed array layout.
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