INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF ESTABLISHMENT

The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the emergence and development of international migration law. An attempt is made to study the patterns of evolutionary development of international legal regulation of relations in the field of international migrations, the place and conceptual foundations of international migration law as a separate branch of international public law. The growth of migration flows, their acquisition of new quantitative and qualitative characteristics, being determined by economic, ecological, military-political, demographic and other factors, exerts a strong influence on all aspects of the functioning of the world system, becoming an indispensable component of many spatial changes that determine the essence of territorial identity social groups and form a new culture of thinking, which is based on various social norms, including the principles and norms of international law. The most obvious and effective way of regulating international migration, taken in the dynamics of qualitative changes in its trends and forms, social relationships, socio-economic and political-legal processes, development of technical capabilities of means of communication, is its international legal regulation, carried out as universal and at the regional levels of interstate cooperation, taking into account the evolution and historical development of international legal doctrine and practice. At the same time, the accuracy of the expected assessment of the results of international legal regulation directly depends on the adequacy of the understanding of the legal nature, essence and place of international migration law in the general legal system. It should be fundamental to understand and accept the thesis that the ideology and philosophy of legal regulation of relations in the field of international migration is based on the thesis of the need to find and ensure a balance between state sovereignty - the cornerstone of the international legal order and freedom of movement - one of the basic human freedoms. These basic elements remained practically unchanged during the entire historical period of international legal regulation of relations in the field of international migrations, although the level of tension between them and the ways of articulation of the latter changed throughout the history of international law at the doctrinal level and in the practice of state approaches.