An optimized complex-image prediction model for a closed-form solution of vertical antennas above a dielectric half-space

The electromagnetic modeling of vertical antennas above a dielectric half-space involves the computation of Sommerfeld-type integrals each of which represent he inverse transformation of a slowly-convergent spectral-domain Green's function. It is well known that the numerical evaluation of these integrals is computationally time-expensive. Alternatively, the complex-image technique, proposed in [1], is used in this paper to derive closed-form expressions of the required spatial Green's functions associated with vertical antennas above a dielectric half-space. The accuracy of the complex-image technique is further improved by modifying the amplitudes and locations of the images so that an optimized complex-image prediction model is produced.