斯里兰卡康提Rawan Oya淡水鱼的一般生态学和生境选择

R. Jayaratne, Thilina D. Surasinghe
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引用次数: 9

摘要

这项研究在Rawan Oya进行了五个月的时间,Rawan Oya是Mahaweli河左岸一条13.5公里长的支流。在30个随机采样点(10个池、10个来福和10个跑)收集了物种组成和微生境条件数据。在每个地点进行一次观察,在那里用拖网阻挡了10米长的溪流,以获得丰度值。鱼是用抛网和铲网捕获的,经鉴定后放回捕获地点。记录了各生境类型的物种丰富度、相对丰度和微生境条件。在预先选定的采样点,每月测定水的物理化学参数,如流速、温度、pH、水深、电导率、硬度、DO和BOD5。随机抽取邻近村民进行问卷调查。共记录鱼类15种,隶属8科,其中特有种2种,外来种4种。随后的数据分析表明,Shannon Wiener多样性指数和Magalef指数在池中显著较高。方差分析表明,3种生境类型的微生境特征存在显著差异。此外,Pearson相关检验表明,不同鱼类对微生境的偏好和生境关联存在差异。与其他两种生境类型(12种)相比,径流生境是大多数鱼类最适宜的栖息地,其物种丰富度最高。来福士的物种组成最少(2种)。池中有中等数量的物种(9种),双峰蓬鱼(Puntius bimaculatus)、Hypostomus sp和Tor khudree只出现在池中,而Devario malabaricus、Glossogobius giuris、Lepidocephalichthys thermalis、Mystus vittatus、Rasbora daniconius和xiphohorus maculatus只出现在溪流中,没有物种局限于riffles。三种生境类型均由黄颡鱼(Garra ceylonensis)和野柱头血吸虫(Schistura notostigma)占据,但在来福源中丰度较高。仅在池塘和小溪中发现的鱼类中,池塘中丝状蓬鱼的数量明显高于小溪,而对小溪有更高偏好的外来物种如网状蓬鱼和莫sambicus的数量则明显高于小溪。关键词:河流生态系统;淡水鱼;水质量;节约用水;山地森林DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v9i1.3732 Sabaramuwa大学学报,第9卷第1号;十二月2010,第11-43页
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
General Ecology and Habitat Selectivity of Fresh Water Fishes of the Rawan Oya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
This study was conducted over a five-month period at Rawan Oya, a 13.5km long left bank tributary of the River Mahaweli. Data on species composition and mircohabitat conditions were collected from 30 random sampling sites, representing 10 pools, 10 riffles and 10 runs. A single observation was made at each site, where a 10m-length of the stream was blocked with drag nets to get the values for abundance. Fishes were captured using the cast nets and scoop nets, identified and released back at the site of capture. The species richness, relative abundance and the microhabitat conditions were recorded for each habitat type. Physico-chemical parameters of water such as the stream velocity, temperature, pH, water depth, conductivity, Hardness, DO and BOD5 were determined monthly at pre-selected sampling sites. A questionnaire survey was done among people in adjacent villagers, who are selected randomly. A total of 15 fish species belonging to 8 families were recorded of which 2 are endemic and 4 are exotic. The subsequent data analysis revealed that the Shannon Wiener diversity index and the Magalef Index are significantly high in pools. ANOVA test showed significant variation among the 3 habitat types in terms of the microhabitat features measured. Further, the Pearson Correlation test demonstrated that the different fish species have different microhabitat preferences and different habitat associations. Runs seemed to be the most suitable habitats for most of the fish species lotic habitat with the highest species richness compared with the other two habitat types (12 species). Riffles harbored the poorest in species composition (2 species). Pools had an intermediate number of species (9). Puntius bimaculatus, Hypostomus sp and Tor khudree only occurred in pools while Devario malabaricus, Glossogobius giuris, Lepidocephalichthys thermalis, Mystus vittatus, Rasbora daniconius and Xiphophorus maculatus are confined to runs of the stream with no species confined to riffles. Garra ceylonensis and Schistura notostigma occupy all three kinds of habitat types but with higher abundances in riffles. Among the fish found only in pools and runs, Puntius filamentosus were recorded in significantly higher numbers in pools than that in runs in contrast to the alien species such as Poecilia reticulata and Oreochromis mossambicus that showed a higher preference for runs. Key words: Stream Ecosystems; Freshwater Fish; Water Quality; Conservation; Montane Forests DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v9i1.3732 Sabaramuwa University Journal , Volume 9 Number 1; December 2010, pp 11-43
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