Intraoperative Complications Related to Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy at Essos Hospital Center (Cameroon)

Background: Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that may impair health. Body mass index expressed (BMI) in kg/m2 is a simple measure of weight for height used to estimate obesity in adults. For adults, the World Health Organization defines obesity when the body mass index is greater than or equal to 30. Africa is faced with the growing problem of obesity and overweight, due to new habits food and new lifestyles. Obesity surgery has come to impose itself in our environment as a mechanical and metabolic aid to fight against this scourge which has become a public health problem. It is in this perspective that we proposed to study the intraoperative complications Related to Anesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at Essos Hospital Center. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective and analytical study that took place over a period of 3 years, from January 2017 to December 2019, in the anesthesiology department of the Essos hospital center. All the files of the obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy during the above-mentioned period were included in the study. The variables studied were: socio-demographic data, intraoperative anesthetic complications. The results obtained were subjected to univariate and bivariate analysis using the CSPRO and SPSS software. Results: A non-probability convenience sampling allowed us to obtain 16 patients. The age group that was mostly represented was those 36 to 55 years (81%). The sex ratio was 0.1. A body mass index > 40 kg/m2 of body surface area was found in 38% of cases (morbid obesity). Arterial hypertension was the comorbidity frequently associated with obesity (37.5%). The surgery was long, > 6 hours in all cases. The main anesthetic intraoperative complications were difficult intubation (62.5%), arterial hypotension (43.7%) and hypothermia (75%). Conclusion: Obesity is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, which remains neglected. ........