乌克兰和欧盟的对外服务贸易

Yu. H. Bocharova, G. Gorina, T. V. Kozhuhova
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摘要

目标。本文的目的是分析2015 - 2019年乌克兰与欧盟对外服务贸易的现状和特点。在研究过程中使用了以下知识方法和技术:理论概括和比较,分析和综合,归纳和演绎,分组和分类结果。研究结果表明,在目前的发展阶段,国际贸易呈现出服务贸易的特点,表现为服务贸易大幅度增长,所占份额和国际贸易总额不断增加;国际贸易发展的这一特点自然反映在包括乌克兰在内的各国的对外贸易关系中——2015-2019年,乌克兰服务贸易总额增长了1.5倍,增长了7.3115亿美元,截至2019年,乌克兰服务贸易总额达到225711亿美元。确定2015-2019年。乌克兰的主要对外贸易伙伴是欧盟,欧盟平均占乌克兰出口的35.4%和进口的42.8%;乌克兰与欧盟的对外贸易结构以货物贸易为主,但服务贸易的对外贸易额在动态增长,在本报告所述期间,乌克兰与欧盟的服务贸易总额增长了近1.4倍,达到21736万美元;服务出口量超过进口量,这导致乌克兰和欧盟的服务外贸出现正平衡,在此期间有增加的趋势;在乌克兰和欧盟的服务外贸结构中,服务类型以加工物资服务、运输服务、金融服务、信息服务、商业服务为主,而在乌克兰和欧盟的服务外贸结构中,最大的出口以加工服务物资、运输服务、信息服务、商业服务、进口为特征;运输服务、旅游服务、金融服务、版税、商业服务;乌克兰在服务贸易中最活跃的合作伙伴是英国、塞浦路斯和德国等欧盟国家,这些国家平均占乌克兰和欧盟服务贸易总额的近50%。这些结果的实际意义在于,它们有可能用于制定乌克兰与欧盟之间发展对外贸易合作的战略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
FOREIGN TRADE IN SERVICES IN UKRAINE AND EU
Objective. The objective of the article is the analysis of the state and features of foreign trade in services between Ukraine and the EU in 2015–2019. Methods. Following methods and techniques of knowledge are used during the study: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping, and classification Results. According to the results of the study it is substantiated that at the present stage of development, international trade is characterized by servicing, which is manifested in a significant increase in trade in services, increasing its share and total international trade; this feature of the development of international trade is naturally reflected in the foreign trade relations of individual countries, including Ukraine — in 2015–2019, the volume of Ukraine’s foreign trade in services went up 1.5 times or by 7311.5 million dollars and amounted to 22571.1 million dollars as of 2019. It is established that in 2015–2019.: Ukraine’s main foreign trade partner was the EU, which accounted for an average of 35.4 % of Ukraine’s exports and 42.8 % of imports; the structure of foreign trade of Ukraine and the EU is dominated by foreign trade in goods, but the volume of foreign trade in services is growing dynamically, during the period under review, the volume of foreign trade in services of Ukraine and the EU increased almost 1.4 times or 2173.6 million dollars; the volumes of exports of services prevail over the volumes of imports, which led to a positive balance of foreign trade in services of Ukraine and the EU, which during this period had a tendency to increase; in the structure of foreign trade in services of Ukraine and the EU are dominated by such types of services as: services for processing material resources, transport services, financial services, information services, business services, while in the structure of foreign trade of Ukraine and EU services the largest exports were characterized by processing services material resources, transportation services, information services, business services, imports: transportation services, travel services, financial services, royalties, business services; Ukraine’s most active partners in trade in services were EU countries such as the United Kingdom, Cyprus, and Germany, which accounted for an average of almost 50 % of the total foreign trade in services of Ukraine and the EU. The practical significance of the results is in the possibility of their use in developing a strategy for the development of foreign trade cooperation between Ukraine and the EU.
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