Satellite remote sensing and natural disturbances

This chapter provides an overview of how satellite remote sensing can help map the occurrence, and risk of occurrence, of several environmental disturbances; assess the extent of the associated damages; and monitor the recovery of the areas impacted by these disturbances. It particularly focuses on floods, wild fires, droughts, frost, extreme winter warming events, infestations and blooms, and bleaching events, as these are all well-known natural disturbances likely to change in frequency of occurrence and intensity over the coming decades. Through the use of examples, this chapter demonstrates how the utility of satellite remote sensing resides in the ability it provides to separate and characterise (i.e. through form, intensity, and trajectory) disturbances and responses at various spatial and temporal scales, thereby facilitating ecological knowledge expansion and the identification of relevant management actions. In particular, this contribution shows how satellites offer multiple opportunities to gain accurate information on the location, spatial extent, and duration of disturbances at the continental scale, which is needed to evaluate the ecosystem impacts of land cover changes due to, for example, wild fire, insect epidemics, and flooding, thereby reducing uncertainties in our ability to model global carbon budgets.