Materiality of Homeopathic Medicines. DynHom Research Program.

Background: Homeopathy is controversial because using highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP) beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Previous publications [1,2] using NMR relaxation revealed the involvement of nanobubbles and/or nanoparticles and/or nanometric superstructures in high potentizations. NTA demonstrated the presence of particles in HHPs [3,4]. With SEM-EDX [5] we observed an ionic diversity common to all preparations including HHPs and significant differences in the relative quantity of each ion between different homeopathic manufacturing lines and controls. FTIR spectroscopy [6] shows that the molecular composition is that of carbonates, primarily sodium bicarbonate. Methods: To observe the materiality of homeopathic medicines a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. In collaboration with several universities we are able to observe these medications with NMR, NTA, SEM-EDX, FTIR, pH and EPA. Results: The essential component of all already studied homeopathic medicines is sodium hydrogen carbonate modulated by some other elements in specific quantity, size and shape. The probability that the observed results could have occurred just by random chance can be rejected (especially above Avogadro limit) p < 0,001. Conclusions: The homeopathic medicines do contain material with a specific ionic composition even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing process. These results demonstrate that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations in a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influences the nature of these NPs. The role of carbonates and sodium bicarbonate must be carefully studied in the future. Its aqueous solution is alkaline in nature but it is an amphoteric compound, which means that the compound has both acidic as well as alkaline character. The reaction with acids results in sodium salts and carbonic acid and reaction with basic solution produce carbonates and water. Specific electric fields are indeed detectable.