The applications of stereolithography in facial reconstructive surgery

The development of rapid prototyping has evolved from the crude milled models to the laser polymerised stereolithographic models of excellent accuracy. The technology was advanced further with the recent introduction of fused deposition modelling and the 3-dimensional ink-jet printing technique in stereo-model fabrication. The concept of using a 3-dimensional model in planning the operation has amazed the maxillofacial surgeons since its first application in grafting a skull defect in 1995. It was followed by many bright ideas of applications in the field of facial reconstructive surgery. The stereo-model may assist in the diagnosis of facial fractures, joint ankylosis and even impacted teeth. The surgery can be simulated prior to the operation of complex craniofacial syndromes, facial asymmetry and distraction osteogenesis. The stereo-model can be used for preparation of reconstructive plate or joint prosthesis. It has an enormous value as an educational teaching and patient information tool for obtaining the consent for surgery. The aims of the paper are to present the modern manufacturing methods of the stereo-model and to illustrate the clinical applications of the stereomodel in facial reconstruction.