Cross-Platform Real-Time Simulation Models for Li-ion Batteries in Opal-RT and Typhoon-HIL

Today's power generation fleet is becoming more diversified, including both traditional energy sources and a variety of renewable energy sources. To help operate such a wide variety of energy sources reliably and in harmony, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) provide an alternative that offers a high degree of flexibility. To understand their behaviour and exploit their flexibility, modeling and simulation of ESSs is crucial in using the ESSs to solve the challenges introduced by the increased usage of photo-voltaic, wind, and other renewable energy sources. Most industrial energy storage systems use batteries as the primary energy storage device. This paper reports a simplified model for the Li-ion batteries, which can calculate the state-of-charge (SOC) and output terminal voltage, while still meeting real-time modeling constraints of different hardware platforms. To test the model's validity, its outputs for both charging and discharging modes were compared with those of an existing battery model. The accuracy and performance of the proposed model was analyzed in two different real-time hardware architectures- (i) OPAL-RT OP4520/5030 and (ii) Typhoon HIL 603.