克服塑料污染:巴西政策面临的挑战以及利益相关者参与和全球治理机遇的前景

Larisse Faroni-Perez
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本政策立场文件从各种塑料类型的发明和使用的历史概述开始,特别是聚乙烯,它已成为商业上使用最广泛的塑料。它凸显了我们对塑料的依赖迅速增长,以及随之而来的管理不善,导致塑料作为污染物无处不在、无处不在,威胁着生物多样性、气候变化、海洋健康、经济可持续性和人类健康。该文件还概述了巴西众议院议员提出的塑料法律草案,强调了制定有效政策、设定目标和优先事项以及与全球趋势保持一致以解决塑料污染危机和向循环经济过渡的重要性。关于治理机会的部分研究了针对巴西的实际建议,随后提出了环境与社会治理(ESG)全球标准化和实施的雄心勃勃的途径。此外,建议制定政策路线图,将现有方法、有前景的战略、联合国海洋十年目标纳入其中,并解决联合国成员国在谈判期间确定的问题,以便在2024年之前达成一项具有约束力的法律协议(塑料污染INC1)。在最后一节中,我介绍了针对不同受众(如立法者和拾荒者)调整海洋素养和科学知识的做法,以支持知情的决策过程。此外,我还概述了过渡到新的塑料经济可以带来的好处,从全球到当地的社会正义,与三重地球危机有关:污染、气候变化和生物多样性丧失。强烈建议通过科学外交和利益相关者的参与,找到解决塑料污染问题的办法,实现循环塑料经济的转型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Overcoming Plastic Pollution: Challenges Faced by Brazilian Policies and Perspectives for Stakeholder Engagement and Global Governance Opportunities
This policy position paper begins with a historical overview of the invention and uses of various plastic types, particularly polyethylene, which has become the most widely used plastic commercially. It highlights the rapid growth of our dependence on plastics and the subsequent mismanagement, which has led to their omnipresent and pervasive presence as pollutants, threatening biodiversity, climate change, ocean health, economic sustainability, and human health. The paper also provides an overview of plastic draft laws proposed by lawmakers at the Brazilian Houses of Representatives, emphasizing the importance of delivering effective policies, setting targets and priorities, and aligning with global trends to address the plastic pollution crisis and transition towards a circular economy. The section on governance opportunities examines a practical recommendation specific to Brazil, and subsequently presents ambitious pathways for global standardization and implementation of Environment and Social Governance (ESG). Additionally, a policy roadmap is suggested to incorporate existing approaches, promising strategies, UN Ocean Decade targets, and address concerns identified during the negotiations among UN Member States for a binding legal agreement by 2024 (Plastic Pollution INC1). In the last section, I present practices for adapting ocean literacy and scientific knowledge for different audiences, such as lawmakers and waste pickers, to support informed decision-making processes. Additionally, I present an overview of the benefits that transitioning to a new plastic economy can bring, ranging from global to local social justice associated with the triple planetary crisis: pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Science diplomacy and stakeholder involvement are strongly recommended to find solutions to the plastic pollution problem and towards transforming the circular plastics economy.
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