理解“创业型”经济的驱动因素:来自日本和荷兰的经验教训

Hiroyuki Okamuro, A. Stel, I. Verheul
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引用次数: 14

摘要

近几十年来,全球化和知识在生产过程中的重要性日益增加,导致许多发达国家从更“管理”的经济转向更“创业”的经济。在前一种经济类型中,大型和现有的公司发挥主导作用,在相对确定的经济环境中利用规模经济。在后一种类型中,小型和新公司发挥越来越重要的作用,在高度不确定的经济环境中引入新产品和服务,同时迅速适应迅速变化的消费者偏好。从管理经济向企业经济过渡过程中的调整速度因国家而异。在本文中,我们研究了以创业活动水平相对较低为特征的更具“管理性”的日本经济与更具“创业性”的荷兰经济之间的差异。Hartog等人(2010)使用五大类解释变量解释了创业活动的三种衡量标准的跨国差异,在此基础上,我们采用分解分析来更好地理解日本和荷兰之间创业活动的差异。我们发现,尽管荷兰的创业活动水平较高,但与日本相比,荷兰的制度框架对创业的有利程度要低得多。另一方面,荷兰和日本之间的文化差异在很大程度上解释了两国创业率的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Understanding the Drivers of an ‘Entrepreneurial’ Economy: Lessons from Japan and the Netherlands
Globalization and an increasing importance of knowledge in the production process cause many developed countries to move from a more ‘managed’ to a more ‘entrepreneurial’ economy in recent decades. In the former type of economy, large and incumbent firms play a dominant role, exploiting economies of scale in a relatively certain economic environment. In the latter type, small and new firms play an increasingly important role, introducing new products and services in highly uncertain economic environments while quickly adapting to rapidly changing consumer preferences. The speed of adjustment in this transition process from a managed to an entrepreneurial economy varies by country. In this paper we investigate the differences between a more ‘managed’ economy, Japan, characterized by relatively low levels of entrepreneurial activity, and a more ‘entrepreneurial’ economy, the Netherlands. Building on earlier work by Hartog et al. (2010), who explain cross-country differences in three measures of entrepreneurial activity using five broad groups of explanatory variables, we apply a decomposition analysis to better understand the differences in entrepreneurial activity between Japan and the Netherlands. We find that, in spite of higher levels of entrepreneurial activity in the Netherlands, the institutional framework in the Netherlands is considerably less favourable to entrepreneurship, compared to Japan. On the other hand, cultural differences between the Netherlands and Japan explain a substantial part of the difference in entrepreneurship rates between the two countries.
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