Design methodology of quasi-isotropic antennas with basic radiators as the electric and magnetic dipoles

This paper introduces a methodology for designing quasi-isotropic antennas using canonical radiators, electric and magnetic dipoles. Three antenna structures, as different combinations of these elements, are presented. Their vector effective height is formulated to show the quasi-isotropic properties in their radiation pattern and also in polarization. All proposed antenna systems are simulated with the Finite Integration Technique performed by CST. Their far-field IEEE gain in vertical and horizontal polarizations is presented.