核桃对流干燥机设计的改进方法

V. Yaropud, Petro Lavreniuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

核桃在储存、运输和销售阶段都属于最容易发生氧化变质的产品。同时,应该考虑到生长在不同地理区域的特定植物品种具有单独的化学成分,这决定了正在进行的氧化过程的强度,因此不同批次的坚果具有不同的储存潜力。在生产、物流和销售阶段,缺乏对购买的坚果批次的可追溯性体系,以及缺乏评估潜在保存水平的客观方法,导致核桃有效期的确定不正确,因此,在贸易网络中销售的30%以上的核桃带有苦味。贮藏期间坚果的品质主要取决于坚果的含水率、贮藏温度、相对湿度、含氧量水平、坚果的商品类型、包装材料、坚果的贮藏形式和工艺加工类型(无壳、有壳、油炸等)。坚果是长期储藏的产物。研究的目的是全面分析现代农业原料对流干燥机的运行情况,并确定改进方法,以确保高质量和均匀的干燥。根据对现有干燥装置的分析结果,确定了它们的优缺点。分析了斗式干燥机在工业产品、食品和建筑材料等需要混合散装产品的各种生产线上应用的特点。这些干燥机的使用在干燥大量原料时表现出高可靠性,没有停滞区,过程效率高,整个干燥工艺过程自动化。为了强化对流干燥的过程,必须提高原料内外的传热传质,干燥温度的升高必然会导致产品过热和生物有用物质的损失,因此提高干燥速度的方法之一可以是使用混合装置和装置,安装在干燥室内。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
WAYS OF IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF THE WALNUT CONVECTIVE DRYER
Walnuts belong to the products most exposed to the risk of oxidative deterioration at the stages of storage, transportation and sale. At the same time, it should be taken into account that specific botanical varieties grown in different geographical regions have an individual chemical composition that determines the intensity of the ongoing oxidation processes, therefore nuts of different batches have different potential for storage. The lack of a system of traceability of purchased nut batches at the stages of production, logistics and sale, as well as the lack of objective methods for assessing the potential level of preservation, which leads to the incorrect establishment of the expiration dates of walnuts, and as a result, more than 30% are sold in trade networks walnuts with signs of bitterness. The quality of nuts during storage depends mainly on the moisture content, storage temperature, relative humidity, oxygen content level, commercial type of nuts, packaging materials, storage form and type of technological processing of nuts (without shell, in shell, fried, etc.). Nuts are products of long-term storage. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the operation of modern convective dryers of agricultural raw materials and the determination of ways to improve them to ensure high-quality and uniform drying. According to the results of the analysis of the existing drying units, their disadvantages and advantages were determined. The peculiarities of the application of hopper dryers in various production lines among industrial goods, food products, and construction materials that require mixing of bulk products are analyzed. The use of these dryers has shown high reliability in operation when drying significant volumes of raw materials, absence of stagnant zones, high efficiency of the process and automation of the entire technological process of drying. In order to intensify the process of convective drying, it is necessary to improve the heat and mass transfer both inside and outside the raw material, an increase in the drying temperature will inevitably lead to overheating of the product and loss of biologically useful substances, so one of the ways to increase the drying speed can be the use of mixing devices and devices , installed inside the drying chamber.
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