肝细胞异质性:非实质细胞的功能。

Enzyme Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI:10.1159/000468782
L Bouwens, P De Bleser, K Vanderkerken, B Geerts, E Wisse
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引用次数: 131

摘要

正常肝窦由四种不同类型的细胞组成或排列,每种细胞都有其特定的表型特征、功能和形态。内皮细胞构成毛细血管的封闭内膜或壁。它们含有小的开孔,允许物质在血液和肝细胞表面之间自由扩散,但不允许乳糜微粒等颗粒在血液和肝细胞表面之间自由扩散。这种过滤作用调节肝脏对脂肪的吸收。窦状内皮细胞也具有明显的内吞能力,这使它们成为网状内皮系统的重要组成部分。它们在肝脏的生物活性因子和细胞外基质成分的分泌中也很活跃。最近,关于内皮细胞的过滤能力(开窗)和对凝集素和细胞的结合能力的区域异质性已经被报道。库普弗细胞是位于脑泡内的组织巨噬细胞,具有明显的内吞能力。它们是炎症反应的有效介质,通过分泌多种生物活性因子,在免疫防御中发挥重要作用。在内吞能力和细胞毒性功能方面,已经建立了区域性异质性。现在已知坑细胞代表肝脏相关的大颗粒淋巴细胞群。它们有杀死肿瘤细胞的能力,也可能在肝脏的抗病毒防御中发挥作用。此外,坑细胞可能具有肝脏的生长调节功能。它们在门静脉周围区域的数量上更为突出,库普弗细胞也是如此。脂肪储存细胞或Ito细胞存在于Disse的肝窦周围间隙,被认为是细胞外基质成分的主要肝来源。它们也是维生素a储存的主要场所。脂肪储存细胞在门静脉周围区域比肝腺的中心区域要多。门静脉周围细胞也储存较多的维生素a。窦状细胞可被认为是肝细胞或实质细胞与血液交界的功能单位。它们参与各种肝功能和肝脏病理我们对这方面的知识正在增长。这些细胞类型的异质性以及它们与肝细胞之间可能的合作可能会增加我们对肝功能的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Liver cell heterogeneity: functions of non-parenchymal cells.

The normal hepatic sinusoid is formed or lined by four different cell types, each with its specific phenotypic characteristics, functions and topography. Endothelial cells constitute the closed lining or wall of the capillary. They contain small fenestrations to allow the free diffusion of substances, but not of particles like chylomicrons, between the blood and the hepatocyte surface. This filtering effect regulates the fat uptake by the liver. Sinusoidal endothelial cells also have a pronounced endocytotic capacity which makes them an important part of the reticuloendothelial system. They are also active in the secretion of bioactive factors and extracellular matrix components of the liver. Recently, a zonal heterogeneity of the endothelial lining has been reported with regard to its filtering capacity (fenestration) and binding capacity for lectins and cells. Kupffer cells are intrasinusoidally located tissue macrophages with a pronounced endocytotic capacity. They are potent mediators of the inflammatory response by the secretion of a variety of bioactive factors and play an important part in the immune defense. A zonal heterogeneity has been established with regard to the endocytotic capacity and cytotoxic function. Pit cells are now known to represent a liver-associated population of large granular lymphocytes. They have the capacity to kill tumor cells and probably also play a role in the antiviral defense of the liver. In addition, pit cells may have a growth-regulatory function of the liver. They are known to be numerically more prominent in the periportal region, as is also the case for Kupffer cells. Fat-storing or Ito cells are present in the perisinusoidal space of Disse and are thought to represent the main hepatic source of extracellular matrix components. They are also the main site of vitamin-A storage. Fat-storing cells are more numerous in the periportal region than in the central region of the hepatic acinus. The periportal cells also store higher amounts of vitamin A. Sinusoidal cells may be considered to represent a functional unit at the border line between the hepatocytes or parenchymal cells and the blood. They participate in various liver functions and liver pathologies and our knowledge about this is growing. The heterogeneity of these cell types and possible cooperations between them and the hepatocytes may add to our understanding of liver functions.

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