改进评估床垫火灾危险的方法

N. Konstantinova, A. Zuban, A. A. Bulgakova
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摘要

介绍。纺织材料和产品(软垫家具、窗帘、床上用品、装饰物品等)是住宅和公共建筑中最易燃的材料之一。它们在很大程度上影响着燃烧过程中火灾的传播速度和危险火灾因素的形成。因此,改进管理其防火安全使用的要求的问题尤为重要。目标和目的。目前,家具产品的消防安全受俄罗斯关税同盟第025/2012号《家具产品安全》技术法规的监管。然而,不同的测试程序和评价标准,证明适用的标准,并不总是允许客观地评估软垫家具产品的可燃性和预测他们的行为在火灾情况下。也没有评估床垫可燃性的方法,目前使用的GOST R 53294-2009(第5页)规定的测试方法不能确保正确的评估,因此,它的结果是扭曲的。这项工作的目的是对国外在公共和住宅建筑中使用软垫家具元素的防火安全监管框架进行分析研究,对材料和软垫家具的可燃性参数进行实验评估,并提出改进公共和住宅建筑中使用床垫的火灾危险评估方法的建议。结果和讨论。分析研究证明,相当发达的管理和方法框架在国外有效。它们确保在住宅和公共建筑物及构筑物的处所内使用软垫家具的防火安全。采用GOST R 53294-2009方法(第4页和第5页)进行了对比实验研究,以评估床垫和家具软垫元素的各种复合组合的可燃性,发现由于测试过程中热暴露条件的差异,测试结果之间存在很大差异。有必要在国内监管实践中制定和引入床垫可燃性测试的标准方法。建议在人多的地方限制使用软垫家具的易燃成分,以减少着火时火势的蔓延和危险因素的形成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Improvement of a methodological approach to assessing the fire hazard of mattresses
Introduction. Textile materials and products (upholstered furniture, curtains, bedding, decorative items, etc.) are among the most flammable materials in residential and public buildings. They largely affect the fire propagation speed and formation of dangerous fire factors in combustion. Therefore, the issues of improving the requirements governing their fire-safe use are particularly relevant.Aims and purposes. Presently, the fire safety of furniture products is regulated by the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 025/2012 «On safety of furniture products» in Russia. However, differences in testing procedures and evaluation criteria, demonstrated by the applicable standards, do not always allow objectively assessing the flammability of upholstered furniture products and predicting their behaviour in case of fire. There is also no method for assessing the flammability of mattresses, and the currently used testing method, set by GOST R 53294–2009 (p. 5) cannot ensure a correct assessment and, hence, it results are distorted. The purpose of this work is to conduct an analytical study on foreign regulatory frameworks for the fire-safe use of upholstered furniture elements in public and residential buildings, to make an experimental assessment of the flammability parameters of materials and upholstered furniture, as well as develop proposals for improving the methodological approach to the fire hazard assessment and the use of mattresses in public and residential buildings.Results and discussion. The analytical studies have proven that fairly developed regulatory and methodological frameworks are in effect abroad. They ensure the fire-safe use of items of upholstered furniture on the premises of residential and public buildings and structures. Comparative experimental studies were conducted to assess the flammability of various composite combinations of mattresses and upholstered elements of furniture using GOST R 53294–2009 methods (p. 4 and 5), which identified large discrepancies between the test results due to the difference in the conditions of the thermal exposure in the course of testing.Conclusions. It is necessary to develop and introduce a standard method of testing the flammability of mattresses into the domestic regulatory practice. It is advisable to set the requirements limiting the use of flammable elements of upholstered furniture in places of the mass presence of people to reduce fire propagation in case of ignition and formation of dangerous factors.
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