特质还是情境?情感判断的文化差异

M. Kuwabara, Ji Yeon Son, L.B. Smith
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引用次数: 4

摘要

传统的认知研究认为,记忆和注意力等基本过程是普遍存在的。然而,越来越多的研究表明,文化差异在信息的注意和评价(Masuda & Nisbet 2001;Maass等人2006;Markus & Kitayama 1991;hedenn等人2008)。西方人(如美国人)和东方人(如日本人)之间的一项文化比较表明,西方人通常只关注场景中的一个中心物体,而东方人往往将他们对焦点物体的判断与周围的上下文线索结合起来。这里报道的研究考虑了儿童在发展对情绪的理解方面的文化差异。研究结果表明,3岁和4岁的儿童也存在文化差异。特别是,日本儿童更多地根据上下文信息而不是面部表情来判断情绪,而美国儿童则相反。语言的添加(给情绪贴上标签)增加了文化差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Trait or situation? ∼ Cultural differences in judgments of emotion ∼
Traditional research in cognition assumes that fundamental processes such as memory and attention are universal. However, a growing number of studies suggest cultural differences in the attention and evaluation of information (Masuda & Nisbet 2001; Maass, et al 2006; Markus & Kitayama 1991; Heddenn, et al 2008). One cultural comparison, between Westerners, such as Americans and Easterners such as Japanese suggest that whereas Westerners typically focus on a central single object in a scene Easterners often integrate their judgment of the focal object with surrounding contextual cues. The research reported here considers this cultural difference in the context of childrenpsilas developing understanding of emotions. The results demonstrate cultural differences in children as young as 3 and 4 years of age. In particular, Japanese children judge emotions based more on contextual information than facial expressions whereas the opposite is true for American children. The addition of language (labeling the emotions) increases the cultural differences.
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