Low Carbon Affordable Apartments in Hot-Humid Climate of Indonesia: Design Concept of the Full-Scale Experimental House

— In Indonesia, GHG emissions are expected to increase up to 1,751 MtCO2e in 2030. In parallel, as a response towards the Paris Agreement, the Indonesian government has made a commitment through NDC to reduce the carbon emissions by 2030. On the other hand, the Indonesian population continues to increase, leading to the issue of housing backlog. Accordingly, the government released a nationwide project “ Program Sejuta Rumah ” in 2015 to provide affordable houses wherein will inevitably arise the carbon emission. A mid-rise apartment is constructed in Tegal as a full-scale experimental house to propose a new standard type of low-carbon affordable apartment as a solution for future Indonesian housing. This paper describes the design concept of the proposed low-carbon apartment based on the results of several fundamental studies, including a typological study of existing apartments, local weather analysis, and CFD simulation. This research found some interesting design concept such as the effectiveness of vertical narrow-closed atrium, the performance of wind fin, and the potential of wind catcher. Those results will be proven further experimentally in this real scale project.