Grid-Forming Converter Control Optimization using Genetic Algorithm with Bounded Regions

The shift in power generation towards renewable energy (RE) resources interfaced with power electronic-based converters degrade system stability. The logical solution is to increase the synchronous machines number, but an alternative approach is to use grid-forming converter. The grid-forming converter has many control schemes that inject power to bring the grid back to its stable mode. Some of these control schemes mimic synchronous machine functionality and some do not like matching control and virtual oscillator control. This paper proposes a tuning procedure for cascaded PID controllers through setting limits on the controllers’ gain values and then optimizing them with genetic algorithm for a given objective function. Three different controllers are assumed: droop, matching, and VOC controllers.