大峡谷历史简介

F. S. Dellenbaugh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

科罗纳多探险队的唐·洛佩兹·德·卡德纳斯在1540年发现了大峡谷,这是霍皮印第安人告诉唐·佩德罗·德·托瓦尔的故事的结果。旧的记录描述了一个裂口,似乎有三到四法里宽,“que auia mas de treres o quatro legas por el ayre”。此后很长一段时间,大峡谷地区和科罗拉多河几乎无人知晓。接下来的记录是1776年两位西班牙牧师看到了它;Padre加尔,向东穿越从科罗拉多霍皮人城镇,停止,他说,“一看到有史以来最深刻的盒子峡谷,向前继续,在这些流科罗拉多,“艾斯卡兰特随军牧师,他在寻找一个地方从北方跨越失败后继续向西从圣达菲到蒙特利,终于找到了老乌特福特,印第安人用几个世纪以来,脚附近的格伦峡谷(北纬37°),通过它能够达到祖尼人。这个浅滩后来被称为El Vado de los Padres——“教父渡口”——很长一段时间以来,这是几百英里范围内唯一已知的穿越科罗拉多河的渡口。第一位访问该地区的美国人是詹姆斯。在父亲的陪同下,他们于1825年和1826年在科罗拉多河下游捕捉海狸。1826年,他们向东返回,旅行了13天,显然,他们尽可能地跟随大峡谷,但无法到达河流的任何地方,直到最后他们到达了河流“从这些可怕的山脉中流出”的地方。这是有记录以来人类第一次沿着大峡谷边缘进行长途旅行。1825年,就在帕蒂一家前往科罗拉多下游的同一年,阿什利将军为了经营他的皮毛生意,试图从联合太平洋铁路现在的渡口附近沿格林河而下。在经历了巨大的困难之后,他被迫放弃了在乌塔山谷的努力。著名的美国捕兽者和拓荒者杰迪戴亚·史密斯于1826年和1827年在莫哈维地区向西过河。在这之后的一年里,派蒂一家回到了科罗拉多下游,从吉拉河口出发,在河的下游困在了防空壕里,他们是自1840年科罗纳多探险队的阿拉孔来到这里以来,第一批来到这一地区的航海家。出乎意料的是,他们在河口处认识了一个大洞,他们所在的水域是英国海军的哈迪中尉一年前进入的。其他捕猎者跟着海狸进入这个地区,政府开始派出探险队。1851年,锡特格里夫斯下的一艘船在尤马上空150英里处穿越了科罗拉多河,耗时三年。后来,在惠普尔的指挥下,另一个勘探队沿着北纬35度线勘测一条铁路,从比尔·威廉姆斯·福克河口上方几英里处越过。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Resume of Grand Canyon history
Don Lopez de Cardenas, of Coronado's expedition, discovered the Grand Canyon in 1540, as a result of stories told by the Hopi Indians to Don Pedros de Tovar. The old records describe a chasm which seemed to be more than 3 or 4 leagues across in an air line "que auia mas de tres o quatro leguas por el ayre." For a long period thereafter the Grand Canyon region and the Colorado River remained practically unknown. It is next recorded as having been seen by two Spanish priests in 1776; Padre Garces, crossing eastward from the lower Colorado to the Hopi towns, halted, he says, "at the sight of the most profound box canyons which ever onward continue, and within these flows the Colorado," and Padre Escalante, who in searching for a place to cross from the north after his failure to proceed westward from Santa Fe to Monterey, finally found the old Ute ford, used by Indians for centuries, near the foot of Glen Canyon (in latitude 37°), and by means of it was able to reach Zuni. The ford then became known as El Vado de los Padres — the Crossing of the Fathers — for long the only known crossing of the Colorado in a distance of several hundred miles. The first American to visit the region was James 0. Pattie, accompanied by his father, They trapped beaver on the lower Colorado in 1825 and '26. In 1826, returning eastward, they traveled for 13 days, following, apparently, the Grand Canyon as well as they could, but unable to reach the river at any point, till at last they arrived at a place where the river "emerges from these horrid mountains." This was the first extended trip on record of any human being along the brink of the Grand Canyon. The same year that the Patties went to the lower Colorado, 1825, General Ashley, in pursuit of his furtrading enterprise, attempted to descend Green River from near the present crossing of the Union Pacific Railroad. He was forced after great hardship to give up the effort in the Uinta Valley. The famous American trapper and pioneer, Jedediah Smith, crossed the river going west in the Mohave Country in 1826 and again in 1827. In this latter year the Patties returned to the lower Colorado and trapped down the river from the mouth of the Gila in dugouts, the first navigators of this portion since Alarcon, of the Coronado expedition, came up in 1840. Quite unexpectedly they made the acquaintance of the great bore at the mouth of the river where they were in waters that Lieutenant Hardy, of the British Navy, had entered the year before. Other trappers after beaver then followed into the region, and the Government began sending out exploring parties. One of these under Sitgreaves crossed the Colorado in 1851 about 150 miles above Yuma, and three year'. later another under Whipple, surveying for a railway along the thirty-fifth parallel, crossed a few miles above the mouth of Bill Williams Fork.
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