Building Intelligent Chatbots: Tools, Technologies, and Approaches

This paper aims to provide acomprehensive overview of the approaches and technologies used in buildingchatbots, including declarative and open-domain chatbots, and to serve as auseful resource for researchers and practitioners working in this field. We reviewpipeline methods, which involve the use of various techniques to process,understand, and generate natural language utterances, and end-to-end methods,which involve training a single neural network to handle all aspects of theconversation. We also examine neural generative models, which use machinelearning techniques to generate responses based on input data, andretrieval-based methods, which use pre-defined responses and match them to userinput. Furthermore, we review the various technologies used in buildingchatbots, including natural language processing (NLP) libraries, frameworks,non-cloud-based platforms, and cloud-based platforms. We provide a comparisonof the strengths and limitations of these approaches and technologies anddiscuss the potential future directions for research in this field.