用模块化本体表示和推理

J. Bao, Vasant G Honavar
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引用次数: 9

摘要

实现语义网的全部潜力需要大规模采用和使用基于本体的方法来共享信息和资源。在这种情况下,比起单一的集中式本体,拥有多个覆盖不同领域(可能部分重叠)的分布式本体更为自然。这样的本体代表了本体设计者的局部知识,也就是说,在特定上下文中适用的知识。因此,许多应用场景,如复杂本体的协同构建和管理、分布式数据库和大型知识库应用,都迫切需要本体语言来支持本地化和上下文化语义、本体模块的部分和选择性重用、限制知识范围和可见性的灵活方法(作为选择性知识共享的需要)、与分布式本体进行推理的联合方法。以及协作构建大型本体的结构化方法。在此背景下,本文开发了一系列基于描述逻辑的模块化本体语言,即基于包的描述逻辑(P-DL),以满足此类应用的需求。本文的主要贡献包括:(1)对模块化本体语言的需求进行了识别和理论表征,这些语言能够支持独立开发的知识库之间的知识选择性共享和重用;(2)开发了一组本体语言P-DL,通过一种新颖的语义导入机制和对导入概念和角色使用的最小限制,扩展了经典描述逻辑(DL)以支持选择性知识共享,支持本地化语义、导入知识的传递传播以及从不同本体模块的角度进行不同的解释;(3)为分布式、自治、P-DL本体(包括ALCP和SHIQP)开发了一系列健全的、完整的基于表的联邦推理算法,即P-DL本体,其中各个模块分别用DL ALC和SHIQ的P-DL对等体表示,可用于从任何特定模块的角度对一组分布式、自治、本体模块进行有效推理;避免了在需要时使用模块之间的消息交换来集成本体;(4)在不损害隐藏知识的情况下,制定使用隐藏知识或私有知识回答知识库查询的标准,并为常用的分层本体和SHIQ本体开发隐私保护推理策略,同时对保证隐私保护的条件进行理论表征;(5)开发了一些用于协作开发大型本体的原型工具,包括支持并发编辑和本体部分加载到内存中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Representing and Reasoning with Modular Ontologies
Realizing the full potential of the semantic web requires the large-scale adoption and use of ontology based approaches to sharing of information and resources. In such a setting, instead of a single, centralized ontology, it is much more natural to have multiple distributed ontologies that cover different, perhaps partially overlapping, domains. Such ontologies represent the local knowledge of the ontology designers, that is, knowledge that is applicable within a specific context. Hence, many application scenarios, such as collaborative construction and management of complex ontologies, distributed databases, and large knowledge base applications, present an urgent need for ontology languages that support localized and contextualized semantics, partial and selective reuse of ontology modules, flexible ways to limit the scope and visibility of knowledge (as needed for selective knowledge sharing), federated approaches to reasoning with distributed ontologies, and structured approaches to collaborative construction of large ontologies. Against this background, this dissertation develops a family of description logics based modular ontology languages, namely Package-based Description Logics (P-DL), to address the needs of such applications. The main contributions of this dissertation include: (1) The identification and theoretical characterization of the desiderata of modular ontology languages that can support selective sharing and reuse of knowledge across independently developed knowledge bases; (2) The development of a family of ontology languages called P-DL, which extend the classical description logics (DL) to support selective knowledge sharing through a novel semantic importing mechanism and the establishment of a minimal set of restrictions on the use of imported concepts and roles to support localized semantics, transitive propagation of imported knowledge, and different interpretations from the point of view of different ontology modules; (3) The development of a family of sound and complete tableau-based federated reasoning algorithms for distributed, autonomous, P-DL ontologies including ALCP and SHIQP , i.e., P-DL onologies where the individual modules are expressed in the P-DL counterpart of DL ALC and SHIQ respectively, that can be used to efficiently reason over a set of distributed, autonomous, ontology modules from the point of view of any specific module, that avoid the need to integrate ontologies using message exchanges between modules as needed; (4) The formulation of criteria for answering queries against a knowledge base using hidden or private knowledge, whenever it is feasible to do so without compromising hidden knowledge, and the development of privacy-preserving reasoning strategies for the case of the commonly used hierarchical ontologies and SHIQ ontologies, along with a theoretical characterization of the conditions under which they are guaranteed to be privacy-preserving; (5) The development of some prototype tools for collaborative development of large ontologies, including support for concurrent editing and partial loading of ontologies into memory.
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