哥萨克人、帝国与启蒙:从东方化到共和主义的再挪用

Volodymyr Sklokin
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摘要

本文旨在探讨18世纪后期,在帝国中心和俄罗斯帝国西南边缘,启蒙运动的叙事和范畴是如何塑造对扎波罗热哥萨克人的认知和形象的。这表明叶卡捷琳娜二世利用文明使命的话语来证明解散扎波罗热哥萨克军团和清算扎波罗热西奇是正当的。伏尔泰的历史著作成为叶卡捷琳娜塑造乌克兰哥萨克东方主义形象的重要灵感来源,这种形象在俄罗斯帝国广为流传,并为乌克兰哥萨克精英的一些代表所接受。另一方面,启蒙运动允许一些乌克兰人挑战帝国霸权,他们超越了传统的等级制度和地区特殊主义,将哥萨克传统重新思考为民主共和传统,并将其与所谓的俄罗斯帝国专制制度相抗衡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cossacks, Empire, and the Enlightenment: From Orientilization to Republican Reappropriation
This article seeks to explore how Enlightenment narratives and categories framed the perception and image of the Zaporozhian Cossacks both in the imperial center and in the south-western periphery of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth century. It demonstrates that Catherine II deployed the discourse of civilizational mission to justify the disbandment of the Zaporozhian Cossack Host and the liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich. The historical works of Voltaire became an important source of inspiration for Catherine's orientalist image of the Ukrainian Cossacks, which gained wide currency in the Russian Empire and was accepted by some representatives of the Ukrainian Cossack elite. On the other hand, the Enlightenment allowed some Ukrainians to challenge imperial hegemony by going beyond traditional estate and regional particularism and by rethinking the Cossack tradition as a democratic republican one and setting it against the supposed despotism of Imperial Russia.
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