{"title":"具有“zemlia”成分的短语单位的语义和语法组织特点","authors":"Yu. F. Pradid","doi":"10.31499/2415-8828.1.2023.281362","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the peculiarities of semantics and grammatical organization of phraseological units (further ‒ PUs) with the zemlia component. It is noted that both phraseological macro- and microsystems in Ukrainian linguistics began to be intensively studied only in the late 20th – early 21st c. \nThe purpose of the proposed intelligence is to investigate the place of the PU microsystem with the zemlia component in the Ukrainian phraseology, to describe the semantics features, its grammatical organization representing this microsystem. \nThe reference base was thesaurus and phraseological dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, internet sites, as well as the author’s own phraseological catalogue where 55 PUs are subject to analysis, the theoretical and methodological basis of research is the works of Ukrainian linguists, in which individual phraseological micro- and macro-systems are studied. \nThe analysis of the PUs with zemlia component gave grounds to summarize: 1. the microsystem of the PUs with the zemlia component is relatively small, but rather diverse in its semantic features and grammatical organization; 2. for such PUs, as well as for the whole Ukrainian language in general, the phenomena of polysemy, synonymy and antonymy are characteristic phenomena; 3. the zemlia component in such PUs is used in all case forms, with the exception of the vocative case. Most of the PUs of this microsystem is formed with the zemlia component in the accusative singular case without a preposition (rarely): rvaty zemliu (tear up the earth) with prepositions v(u) (in(into)), ob (about), kriz’ (through): vrostaty v zemliu (grow into the ground (root itself)), lykhom ob zemliu (head the ground), yak kriz’ zemliu provalytysya (vanish into thin air), etc. (only 25 PUs); the least examples – in the genitive case of the plural: za trydev’yat’ zemel’ (go a long way (=go far, far away) (only 1 PU); 4. almost all syntactic structures in the microsystem of the PUs with the component ground are presented here as well as for the whole Ukrainian phraseology in general: a) PUs related to the subordinate phrase: toptaty zemliu (trample on the ground), z lytsya zemli (from the face of the earth), etc. b) PUs related to the word combinations: do zemli (to the earth), yak z-pid zemli (as from under the earth), etc.; c) PUs as comparatives: yak iz zemli vyrostatu (how to grow out of the ground), yak u zemliu vkopanyi (how to dig into the ground); d) PUs as a simple sentence (one-part and two-part): khoch zemliu yizh (even if you eat the Earth); azh zemlia stohne (the Earth groans), etc.; 5. PUs can also act in a sentence as a subject, predicate (simple, compound noun, compound verb), subordinate clause; 6. semantic features and grammatical peculiarities of such PUs should be a subject to run a separate investigation in comparative aspect.","PeriodicalId":180896,"journal":{"name":"Philological Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Peculiarities of semantics and grammatical organization of phraseological units with the \\\"zemlia\\\" component\",\"authors\":\"Yu. F. Pradid\",\"doi\":\"10.31499/2415-8828.1.2023.281362\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The article examines the peculiarities of semantics and grammatical organization of phraseological units (further ‒ PUs) with the zemlia component. It is noted that both phraseological macro- and microsystems in Ukrainian linguistics began to be intensively studied only in the late 20th – early 21st c. \\nThe purpose of the proposed intelligence is to investigate the place of the PU microsystem with the zemlia component in the Ukrainian phraseology, to describe the semantics features, its grammatical organization representing this microsystem. \\nThe reference base was thesaurus and phraseological dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, internet sites, as well as the author’s own phraseological catalogue where 55 PUs are subject to analysis, the theoretical and methodological basis of research is the works of Ukrainian linguists, in which individual phraseological micro- and macro-systems are studied. \\nThe analysis of the PUs with zemlia component gave grounds to summarize: 1. the microsystem of the PUs with the zemlia component is relatively small, but rather diverse in its semantic features and grammatical organization; 2. for such PUs, as well as for the whole Ukrainian language in general, the phenomena of polysemy, synonymy and antonymy are characteristic phenomena; 3. the zemlia component in such PUs is used in all case forms, with the exception of the vocative case. Most of the PUs of this microsystem is formed with the zemlia component in the accusative singular case without a preposition (rarely): rvaty zemliu (tear up the earth) with prepositions v(u) (in(into)), ob (about), kriz’ (through): vrostaty v zemliu (grow into the ground (root itself)), lykhom ob zemliu (head the ground), yak kriz’ zemliu provalytysya (vanish into thin air), etc. (only 25 PUs); the least examples – in the genitive case of the plural: za trydev’yat’ zemel’ (go a long way (=go far, far away) (only 1 PU); 4. almost all syntactic structures in the microsystem of the PUs with the component ground are presented here as well as for the whole Ukrainian phraseology in general: a) PUs related to the subordinate phrase: toptaty zemliu (trample on the ground), z lytsya zemli (from the face of the earth), etc. b) PUs related to the word combinations: do zemli (to the earth), yak z-pid zemli (as from under the earth), etc.; c) PUs as comparatives: yak iz zemli vyrostatu (how to grow out of the ground), yak u zemliu vkopanyi (how to dig into the ground); d) PUs as a simple sentence (one-part and two-part): khoch zemliu yizh (even if you eat the Earth); azh zemlia stohne (the Earth groans), etc.; 5. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本文考察了具有词性成分的短语单位的语义和语法组织的特点。值得注意的是,乌克兰语言学中的措辞宏观和微观系统仅在20世纪末至21世纪初才开始得到深入研究。拟议情报的目的是调查乌克兰措辞中PU微系统与zemlia成分的位置,以描述语义特征,其语法组织代表该微系统。参考基础是乌克兰语的同义词词典和短语词典,互联网站点,以及作者自己的短语目录,其中55个PUs受到分析,研究的理论和方法基础是乌克兰语言学家的作品,其中研究了个别短语微观和宏观系统。对含有zemlia成分的pu进行分析,得出以下结论:具有zemlia成分的pu的微系统相对较小,但其语义特征和语法组织相当多样化;2. 对于这些pu,以及整个乌克兰语,一词多义、同义词和反义词是其特征现象;3.除祈使格外,这种pu中的zemlia成分可用于所有格形式。该微系统的大部分pu是由zemlia成分在没有介词的主格单数情况下形成的(很少):vvany zemliu(撕裂大地)与介词v(u) (in(into)), ob (about), kriz ' (through); vrostaty v zemliu(长进地面(根本身)),lykhom ob zemliu(头在地面),yak kriz ' zemliu provalytysya(消失在稀薄的空气中)等(只有25个pu);最少的例子-在复数的属格情况下:za trydev ' yat ' zemel '(走很远的路)(只有1个PU);4. 这里介绍了带有地面成分的微系统中几乎所有的句法结构,以及整个乌克兰语的一般短语:a)与从属短语相关的pu: toptaty zemliu(踩在地上),z lytsya zemli(从地球表面)等;b)与单词组合相关的pu: do zemli(到地球),yak z-pid zemli(从地球下面)等;c)类比词:yak iz zemli vyrostatu(如何从地里长出来),yak u zemliu vkopanyi(如何往地里挖);d) pu作为一个简单的句子(一段和两段):khoch zemliu yizh(即使你吃了地球);azh zemlia sthne(地球呻吟)等;5. 动词也可以在句子中充当主语、谓语(简单句、复合名词、复合动词)、从句;6. 语义特征和语法特点应作为一个单独的研究对象,从比较的角度进行研究。
Peculiarities of semantics and grammatical organization of phraseological units with the "zemlia" component
The article examines the peculiarities of semantics and grammatical organization of phraseological units (further ‒ PUs) with the zemlia component. It is noted that both phraseological macro- and microsystems in Ukrainian linguistics began to be intensively studied only in the late 20th – early 21st c.
The purpose of the proposed intelligence is to investigate the place of the PU microsystem with the zemlia component in the Ukrainian phraseology, to describe the semantics features, its grammatical organization representing this microsystem.
The reference base was thesaurus and phraseological dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, internet sites, as well as the author’s own phraseological catalogue where 55 PUs are subject to analysis, the theoretical and methodological basis of research is the works of Ukrainian linguists, in which individual phraseological micro- and macro-systems are studied.
The analysis of the PUs with zemlia component gave grounds to summarize: 1. the microsystem of the PUs with the zemlia component is relatively small, but rather diverse in its semantic features and grammatical organization; 2. for such PUs, as well as for the whole Ukrainian language in general, the phenomena of polysemy, synonymy and antonymy are characteristic phenomena; 3. the zemlia component in such PUs is used in all case forms, with the exception of the vocative case. Most of the PUs of this microsystem is formed with the zemlia component in the accusative singular case without a preposition (rarely): rvaty zemliu (tear up the earth) with prepositions v(u) (in(into)), ob (about), kriz’ (through): vrostaty v zemliu (grow into the ground (root itself)), lykhom ob zemliu (head the ground), yak kriz’ zemliu provalytysya (vanish into thin air), etc. (only 25 PUs); the least examples – in the genitive case of the plural: za trydev’yat’ zemel’ (go a long way (=go far, far away) (only 1 PU); 4. almost all syntactic structures in the microsystem of the PUs with the component ground are presented here as well as for the whole Ukrainian phraseology in general: a) PUs related to the subordinate phrase: toptaty zemliu (trample on the ground), z lytsya zemli (from the face of the earth), etc. b) PUs related to the word combinations: do zemli (to the earth), yak z-pid zemli (as from under the earth), etc.; c) PUs as comparatives: yak iz zemli vyrostatu (how to grow out of the ground), yak u zemliu vkopanyi (how to dig into the ground); d) PUs as a simple sentence (one-part and two-part): khoch zemliu yizh (even if you eat the Earth); azh zemlia stohne (the Earth groans), etc.; 5. PUs can also act in a sentence as a subject, predicate (simple, compound noun, compound verb), subordinate clause; 6. semantic features and grammatical peculiarities of such PUs should be a subject to run a separate investigation in comparative aspect.