Impact of Inverter Based Resources on Power System Protective Relaying, Fault Calculation and Protection Setting: A Systematic Literature Review

The integration of renewable energy sources RES and renewable distributed generation RDG into power systems is increasing worldwide due to recent advancements in power electronics and the continuously decreasing cost of photovoltaic cells. These systems are also called inverter-based resources IBRs due to their method of connection to the grid. They have a behavior that is different from the traditional generation system during faults. IBRs inject a controlled non-conventional short circuit current that makes it challenging to the current practice on power system protection in regard to protective relaying, fault calculation/simulation and protection settings.In recent years, many studies have examined this subject and attempted to identify problems and propose possible solutions. Hence, this study aims to provide a systematic literature review SLR on the impact of IBRs on power system protection both on transmission RES and distribution RDG levels. This SLR will focus on identifying the issues, methods and tools to overcome these challenges and to identifying trends in this area. The SLR will review publications from the early 2000s up to 2022. This review can serve as a basis for Saudi protection engineers in advancing the understanding of the issue and addressing the gaps in the field.