船舶设计与运行中的人为因素评价:以挪威海为例

V. Rumawas, B. Asbjørnslett, C. Klöckner
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引用次数: 1

摘要

研究表明,大多数海上事故是由人为错误引起的。虽然海员的工作要求很高,但在船舶设计中很少考虑人为因素。似乎在船舶设计知识和现实中考虑人为因素的需求之间存在不匹配。人为因素在船舶中的实施相当有限;也就是安全相关的问题。本文采用实证方法对船舶设计和运行中的人为因素进行了研究。在挪威海的平台供应船上进行了调查,记录了海员的评估、睡眠行为、条件和海员的表现。噪声和运动分别用声级计和加速度计测量。数据收集工作在夏季和冬季进行。本文发表了两篇报道并进行了总结。结果与标准进行比较。发现了差异。可以得出结论,一些标准不足以保证安全性,更不用说舒适性。建议对运动、撞击和噪音标准进行具体改进。建立了人因结构模型,可以用来解释船员在船上的状态和表现。由于样本数量少,本研究的泛化仅限于特定人群。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human Factors Evaluation in Ship Design and Operation: An Case Study in Norwegian Sea
: Research demonstrated that the majority of accidents at sea were triggered by human errors. While working as seafarers is demanding, human factors were hardly addressed in ship design. It seems that there was a mismatch between the knowledge of ship design and the needs to consider human factors in reality. The implementation of human factors in ships is rather limited; i.e. within the safety-related issues. This research investigated human factors in ship design and operation by using empirical methods. Surveys were performed on platform supply vessels in Norwegian Sea where seafarers’ evaluation, sleeping behaviour, conditions and seafarers’ performance were recorded. Noise and motions were measured using a sound level meter and an accelerometer respectively. Data collections were done in summer as well as in winter. Two reports were published and summarized in this paper. Results were compared with the criteria. Discrepancies were identified. It can be concluded that some of the criteria were not adequate to ensure safety, moreover comfort. Specific improvements are recommended with respect to motion, slamming and noise criteria. Human factors structural model is developed and can be used to explain seafarers' condition and performance on board. Due to the small number of samples, generalization of this research is limited for a specific population.
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