The Concept of Political Rights of an Individual under the Law of Medieval Italian Cities in the 11th to the 14th Century

In the article, a study was carried out on the key stages of the legal consolidation of political human rights in the medieval law of Italian cities. The first stage was characterized by a political confrontation between territorial feuds and the merchant-patrician elite of the city, the second — by the intervention of the supreme suzerain of Italian lands in urban affairs, the third by a conflict between various bourgeois elements of the medieval society of Italy. As a result, the author concludes that the first two stages had common features in almost all cities of medieval Italy, the third — led in each individual city to different political consequences.