THE INNOVATIVE BREAKWATER STRUCTURE

Abstract. Most of the breakwater structures in various countries of the world are either gravitational or rock-fill types. The most optimal of them are gravity structures in the form of vertical walls. They are less material-capacious, are relatively quick prefabricated and reliably protect the port waters from storm waves. The construction of such structures began in the century before last many of them continue to fulfill their functional purpose. At first, ordinary concrete massifs were used for the construction of such structures, and then ferroconcrete massif-giants. The most ideal conditions for the construction of such structures are rocky soils. Nevertheless, in the world practice of marine hydraulically construction, there are cases of construction of berths and breakwaters of gravity type and on soft soils. Under such conditions, in later times, static loading of soil foundations was used under rubble-mound, as well as the beds themselves, by pre-installing concrete massifs at courses. Then, after stabilization of the subsidence, the masonry was dismantled, the planned-high-altitude position of the rubble-mound was finally corrected and the massifs were set along the courses to the design position, in sections. The duration of this technology took a rather long period of time, so its application in modern conditions seems impossible due to a significant increase in the construction time. In the last century, various technologies for artificial strengthening of soft soils were introduced into engineering practice. They require the use of specialized mechanisms, including those in the marine version. For this reason, the use of such technologies leads to a sharp rise in the cost of construction and an increase in its terms of building. Thus, the problem of build protective structures on soft soils exists at the present time. This problem was solved on the basis of an analysis of the technical condition of the constructed breakwater structures, as well as technologies for their construction in various climatic conditions and regions.