太平洋岛屿国家和领土的粮食安全和小农农业:范围审查

Nichole Georgeou, C. Hawksley, Nidhi Wali, Sophie Lountain, E. Rowe, Caleb West, Liesje Barratt
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引用次数: 9

摘要

联合国可持续发展目标2:零饥饿将消除饥饿与实现粮食安全、改善营养和促进可持续农业联系起来。太平洋岛屿国家和领土(PICTs)是一个可以调查这种联系的区域,因为PICTs正面临气候变化,同时面临可用耕地减少和城市化率上升的问题。大约80%的太平洋岛民仍然依靠自家菜园或小农户的农产品来支持或补充他们的饮食。联合国粮食及农业组织(粮农组织)宣布2019-2028年为家庭农业十年。食品进口在PICTs中越来越普遍,可以提供廉价的,尽管不是特别有营养的食品,导致普遍的健康问题。增加对进口的依赖本身就是粮食安全减少的一个指标,随着pict面临一系列粮食安全挑战,评估pict关于小农农业与粮食安全之间关系的现有文献是及时的。本综述分析了1970-2019年间49项同行评议的英文灰色文献研究,涉及PICTs地区粮食安全和小农农业之间的关系。它确定了四个主要主题:(1)社区适应、恢复力和作物多样化;(2)当地食物和土地供应减少;(3)饮食改变;(4)性别与农业生产。报告显示,太平洋地区的人民能够迅速适应不断变化的环境,种植不同的粮食和销售作物,并确定了小农农业在以下方面的关键作用:(1)种植当地粮食以支持粮食安全;(2)扩大国内资产创造以促进经济发展,特别是对妇女而言。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Food security and small holder farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: A scoping review
UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2: Zero Hunger links ending hunger to achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) is a region where such linkages can be investigated as the PICTs are confronting climate change while facing a decrease in available arable land and increasing rates of urbanisation. Around 80% of all Pacific Islanders still rely on agricultural produce from their own gardens or from small holder farmers to support or to supplement their diets. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) has declared the years 2019–2028 to be the Decade of Family Farming. Food imports are increasingly common in PICTs, and can provide cheap, although not particularly nutritious foods, leading to generalised health problems. Increased reliance on imports is itself an indicator of diminishing food security, and with the PICTs facing a range of food security challenges, it is timely to assess the existing literature in the PICTs on the relationship between smallholder farming and food security. This scoping review analyses 49 peer reviewed and grey literature studies in English from 1970–2019 concerning the relationship between food security and small holder farming in the PICTs. It identifies four main themes: (1) Community adaptation, resilience and crop diversification; (2) Decreased availability of local foods and land; (3) Changes in diet; (4) Gender and agricultural production. The review shows Pacific peoples quickly adapt to changing circumstances to plant different crops both for food and for sale, and it identifies the role of small holder agriculture as crucial to: (1) growing local foods to support food security, and (2) expanding domestic asset creation to promote economic development, especially for women.
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