地下和防护结构用金属承载和密封结构

V. Doroshenko, Olexander Yanchenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

多用途防护结构建设新技术的发展反映了当前需要改进保护民用人力和物力资源(和双重用途)的措施,并借助结构、建筑物、储存和庇护所提高防御能力。为了全面评估这一主题的已知发展,回顾了地下和防护结构建设中金属材料和结构的生产和使用领域的历史和成就,分析了取得的成就和不足。主要关注的是前苏联企业生产大吨位铸铁管的经验,这是最接近现代大规模生产的经验,并取得了重大成果,有助于研究和改进设计和技术方向。自上世纪60年代以来,前苏联每年生产2.5万至4万吨铸铁管,用于固定各种用途的地下结构,包括保护和特殊设施。几乎所有的地铁干线,国防部和前苏联其他部委的许多干线经常在他们的设施中使用铸铁管。目前,已经确定了通过使用金属材料,特别是高强度铸造合金,特别是高强度铸铁,以及用于生产结构和保护段或管材的资源节约型铸造方法来加强保护结构的建造的必要性和可能性。目前最适合这种薄壁轻质金属产品生产的技术是消失模铸造工艺,经过过去几十年的改进,包括3D技术和适应最新合金的使用,它有潜力确保固定和移动建筑保护结构的增长。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
METAL BEARING AND SEALING STRUCTURES FOR UNDERGROUND AND PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES
The development of new technologies for the construction of multi-purpose protective structures reflects the current need to improve measures to protect civilian human and material resources (and dual purpose) and increase defense capability with the help of structures, buildings, storage and shelters. For a thorough assessment of known developments on this topic, a review of the history and achievements in the field of production and use of metal materials and structures in the construction of underground and protective structures was carried out, achievements and shortcomings were analyzed. The main attention was paid to the experience of large-tonnage production of cast iron tubing at the enterprises of the former USSR, as the closest to modern times of large-scale production with significant results, useful for study and improvement in design and technological directions. Since the sixties of the last century, 25,000 to 40,000 tons of cast iron tubing were produced annually in the former USSR for fastening underground structures of various purposes, including for protective and special facilities. Almost all the trunks of Metrobud, many trunks of the Ministry of Defense and other ministries of the former USSR constantly used cast iron tubing at their facilities. For the present time, the necessity and possibility of intensification of the construction of protective structures through the use of metal materials, in particular high-strength casting alloys, especially high-strength cast irons, as well as resource-efficient casting methods for the production of construction and protective segments or tubing, have been identified. The most suitable technology for such production of thin-walled lightweight metal products at the present time is the Lost Foam casting process, which, after improvements over the past decades, including thanks to 3D technologies and adaptation to the use of the latest alloys, has the potential to ensure the growth of both stationary and mobile construction protective structures.
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