用于被动声学监测海洋环境的滑翔机

P. Cauchy, K. Heywood, N. Merchant, D. Risch, B. Queste, P. Testor
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引用次数: 4

摘要

海洋滑翔机是一种安静、浮力驱动、长航时、轮廓自动平台。因此,滑翔机作为海洋环境被动声监测(PAM)平台具有独特的优势。在本文中,我们回顾了现有的滑翔机平台和被动式声学监测系统,并探讨了被动式声学监测装备滑翔机在物理海洋学、生物学、生态学和监管目的研究中的现状和潜在用途。我们评估了被动声学监测滑翔机调查的限制因素,如平台产生和流动噪声,重量,尺寸和能量限制,剖面能力和缓慢运动。根据34次被动式声学监测滑翔机任务的数据,研究人员发现,由于水面通信或滑翔机操作的原因,在海上度过的时间中,有不到13%的时间不适合进行被动式声学监测测量,剩下的时间可用于后续分析。为了促进被动声监测滑翔机的广泛使用,我们记录了最佳实践,并包括被动声监测滑翔机任务中典型挑战的解决方案。为改善未来滑翔机被动声监测观测,确定了三个研究重点:1)提高传感器集成和保持滑翔机续航能力的技术发展;2)改进采样方法和统计分析技术,利用被动声监测滑翔机观测数据估算种群密度;3)标定滑翔机的被动声监测,记录绝对噪声级,进行人为噪声监测。希望本文的方法综述能够帮助滑翔机用户拓宽其仪器的观测能力,并有助于相关领域的研究人员在研究中部署被动声监测滑翔机。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gliders for passive acoustic monitoring of the oceanic environment
Ocean gliders are quiet, buoyancy-driven, long-endurance, profiling autonomous platforms. Gliders therefore possess unique advantages as platforms for Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) of the marine environment. In this paper, we review available glider platforms and passive acoustic monitoring systems, and explore current and potential uses of passive acoustic monitoring-equipped gliders for the study of physical oceanography, biology, ecology and for regulatory purposes. We evaluate limiting factors for passive acoustic monitoring glider surveys, such as platform-generated and flow noise, weight, size and energy constraints, profiling ability and slow movement. Based on data from 34 passive acoustic monitoring glider missions, it was found that <13% of the time spent at sea was unsuitable for passive acoustic monitoring measurements, either because of surface communications or glider manoeuvre, leaving the remainder available for subsequent analysis. To facilitate the broader use of passive acoustic monitoring gliders, we document best practices and include workarounds for the typical challenges of a passive acoustic monitoring glider mission. Three research priorities are also identified to improve future passive acoustic monitoring glider observations: 1) Technological developments to improve sensor integration and preserve glider endurance; 2) improved sampling methods and statistical analysis techniques to perform population density estimation from passive acoustic monitoring glider observations; and 3) calibration of the passive acoustic monitoring glider to record absolute noise levels, for anthropogenic noise monitoring. It is hoped this methodological review will assist glider users to broaden the observational capability of their instruments, and help researchers in related fields to deploy passive acoustic monitoring gliders in their studies.
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